-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      name:  <unnamed>
       log:  C:\myStuff\stuff I've written\Academic papers\marx paper with phil magness\2nd paper - re SPD\results\2 - Synth regres
> sions.log
  log type:  text
 opened on:   8 Jan 2024, 09:46:29
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. 
. clear
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. 
. /*******************************************************************************************************
> For quick bug-testing, change the following global from 0 to 1.
> When set to 1, the dataset will be restricted to a limited set of authors,
> and it will change convergence to "technique(dfp)" regardless of what it had previously been set to.
> *******************************************************************************************************/
. global quick_bug_testing = 0
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. 
. /*******************************************************************************************************
> Create a global variable specifying the convergence parameter for synth.
> *******************************************************************************************************/
. global convergence = "nested allopt technique(dfp) maxiter(30)"
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. 
. if ($quick_bug_testing == 1) {
.         global convergence = "technique(dfp)"
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. }
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. 
. /*******************************************************************************************************
> For maximum speed, we DO use the Intel Math Kernel Library 
> See https://www.stata.com/manuals/m-1lapack.pdf
> 
> We set Mata to prefer maximizing speed over minimizing memory
> See https://www.stata.com/manuals13/m-3mataset.pdf
> 
> We set "lapack_mkl on" and "mata set matafavor speed" 
> permanently because the parallel module works by opening
> additional instances of Stata, and we need these to have the 
> same settings. 
> 
> Therefore, we save the savings which existed prior to running this do file, and
> restore them at the end. This ensures that the change is not really permanent.
> *******************************************************************************************************/
. global previous_lapack_setting = c(lapack_mkl)
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. global previous_matafavor_setting = c(matafavor)
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. 
. set lapack_mkl on, permanently
(set lapack_mkl preference recorded)
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. mata: mata set matafavor speed, permanently
(set matafavor preference recorded)
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. 
. /*******************************************************************************************************
> Do some more system setup
> *******************************************************************************************************/
. 
. * Turn off the "more" message when output is long
. * Enable timer that will indicate execution time of all commands
. * Set a seed so any results involving randomization will be replicable
. set more off
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. set rmsg on
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. set seed 8675309
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. 
. * Set the parallel module to use the number of logical processors minus 1, so that there's still some processing capacity left fo
> r the operating
. * system and background process. But if (number of processors minus 1) is 0 or negative, then we use one processor
. parallel numprocessors
Number of logical processors: 32
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. local numprocessors_to_use = r(numprocessors)-1 
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. if (`numprocessors_to_use' <= 0) {
.         local numprocessors_to_use = 1
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. }
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. parallel setclusters `numprocessors_to_use'
N Child processes: 31
Stata dir:  C:\Program Files\Stata18/StataMP-64.exe
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. 
. * if Stata/MP, use all of the processors available - the number of licensed cores or the number of logical processors, whichever 
> is smaller
. local is_MP = c(MP)
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. if (`is_MP') {
.         local licensed_cores = c(processors_max)
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.         local logical_cores = c(processors_mach) 
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.         if (`licensed_cores' <= `logical_cores') {
.                 set processors `licensed_cores'
    The maximum number of processors or cores being used is 16.  It can be set to any number between 1 and 16.
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.         }
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.         else {
.                 set processors `logical_cores'
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.         }
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. }
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. local is_MP = ""
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. local processors_max = ""
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. 
. clear
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. 
. /*******************************************************************************************************
> Load additional author data for Kautsky.
> 
> For the sake of simplicity and replication, our procedure is as follows:
> First, we will load additional author data and create separate DTA files for them.
> Second, we will append this additional data to our original data as needed.
> 
> This will make it easier to use the original data from the JPE paper, and easier to tell what is original and what is new.
> 
> Note that any normalization must be performed *after* additional data are appended, never before. 
> Adding additional data after normalization has been performed on the previous data will make the data incommensurable.
> *******************************************************************************************************/
. clear
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. 
. * This program makes variables for every author consistent.
. * First, we "keep Year English German French Spanish".
. * Second, authors have their names spelled differently in different languages.
. * For example, Aristotle is Aristoteles in German, Aristote in French, and Aristóteles in Spanish.
. * These alternate spellings are reflected in the spreadsheet. For example, we have a column named "German – Aristoteles".
. * So we "rename German German", "rename French French" and "rename Spanish Spanish" to make all the variables consistent in their
>  naming.
. * This works because in Stata, if you have a variable named "AB", then "rename A X", it will rename "AB" as "A" as long as there 
> is no 
. * other variable named AC to create ambiguity (does "A" refer to "AB" or "AC"?).
. capture program drop MakeVariablesConsistent
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. program define MakeVariablesConsistent 
  1.         keep Name Year English German French Spanish
  2.         rename English cite_English
  3.         rename German cite_German 
  4.         rename French cite_French 
  5.         rename Spanish cite_Spanish
  6.         
.         * For some reason, there are many observations with missing values of Year because blank spreadsheet rows were treated as
>  observations. So drop these.
.         drop if missing(Year)
  7.         * Replace multiple spaces with single spaces in Name
.         replace Name = stritrim(Name)
  8.         * Remove trailing and leading blanks from Name
.         replace Name = strtrim(Name) 
  9. 
. end
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. 
. * Program to generate language dummy variables 
. capture program drop GenerateLanguageDummies 
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. program define GenerateLanguageDummies 
  1.         generate wrote_English = 0
  2.                 replace wrote_English = 1 if OriginalLanguage == "English"
  3.         generate wrote_German = 0
  4.                 replace wrote_German = 1 if OriginalLanguage == "German"
  5.         generate wrote_French = 0
  6.                 replace wrote_French = 1 if OriginalLanguage == "French"
  7.         generate wrote_Greek = 0
  8.                 replace wrote_Greek = 1 if OriginalLanguage == "Greek"
  9.         generate wrote_Latin = 0
 10.                 replace wrote_Latin = 1 if OriginalLanguage == "Latin"
 11.         generate wrote_Spanish = 0
 12.                 replace wrote_Spanish = 1 if OriginalLanguage == "Spanish"
 13.         generate wrote_Italian = 0
 14.                 replace wrote_Italian = 1 if OriginalLanguage == "Italian"
 15. end
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. 
. cd "$path\data files"
C:\myStuff\stuff I've written\Academic papers\marx paper with phil magness\2nd paper - re SPD\data files
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. 
. * Karl Kautsky citations
. clear
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. import excel "Marx1850-2000-Ngram - additional authors.xlsx", sheet("Karl Kautsky") firstrow
(160 vars, 154 obs)
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. generate Name = "Karl Kautsky"
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. MakeVariablesConsistent
(3 observations deleted)
(0 real changes made)
(0 real changes made)
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. save "KarlKautsky.dta", replace
file KarlKautsky.dta saved
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. 
. * Author indicators
. clear
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. import excel "Marx_author_indicators - additional authors.xlsx", sheet("Sheet1") firstrow
(8 vars, 49 obs)
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. * For some reason, there are many observations with missing values of Name because blank rows were treated as observations. So dr
> op these
. drop if missing(Name)
(48 observations deleted)
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. * Replace multiple spaces with single spaces in Name
. replace Name = stritrim(Name)
(0 real changes made)
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. * Remove trailing and leading blanks from Name
. replace Name = strtrim(Name) 
(0 real changes made)
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. * Remove all spaces whatsoever from OriginalLanguage
. replace OriginalLanguage = subinstr(OriginalLanguage," ","",999)
(0 real changes made)
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. compress
  (0 bytes saved)
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. save "Marx_author_indicators - additional authors.dta", replace
(file Marx_author_indicators - additional authors.dta not found)
file Marx_author_indicators - additional authors.dta saved
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. 
. * Merge the DTA files of citations with the DTA file of indicators, merging by
. * author's name, i.e. the variable "Name."
. clear 
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. use "KarlKautsky.dta"
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. merge m:1 Name using "Marx_author_indicators - additional authors.dta"

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                             0
    Matched                               151  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
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. GenerateLanguageDummies
(0 real changes made)
(151 real changes made)
(0 real changes made)
(0 real changes made)
(0 real changes made)
(0 real changes made)
(0 real changes made)
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. drop Notes
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. save "additional_authors.dta", replace
file additional_authors.dta saved
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. 
. * Finally, erase all the temporary DTA files we had to create
. capture noisily erase "Marx_author_indicators - additional authors.dta"
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. 
. clear
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. cd "$path"
C:\myStuff\stuff I've written\Academic papers\marx paper with phil magness\2nd paper - re SPD
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. 
. *********************************************************************************************************************************
> *****************************
. * Write some programs we will call frequently
. *********************************************************************************************************************************
> *****************************
. 
. * Program to normalize citation counts (Ngrams: cite_English, cite_German cite_French cite_Spanish) (English news: cite_news) (Ge
> rman news: CiteNetNorm CiteAll CiteNet), 
. * YearofPublication, and YearofTranslationtoEnglish to a maximum of 1 to accelerate convergence of numerical estimation.
. capture program drop NormalizeVariables
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. program define NormalizeVariables
  1. 
.         * Normalize citations to a maximum of 1 by dividing by the maximum, but don't min-max normalize, to ensure that relative 
> proportions are maintained
.         foreach variable in cite_English cite_German cite_French cite_Spanish cite_news NewsCite_TotalNorm NewsCite_NetNorm {
  2.                 capture quietly recast double `variable'
  3.                 capture quietly summarize `variable'
  4.                 capture replace `variable' = `variable' / r(max)
  5.         }
  6. 
.         * Min-max normalize indicator variables.
.         foreach variable in YearofPublication YearofTranslationtoEnglish {
  7.                 recast double `variable'
  8.                 capture quietly summarize `variable'
  9.                 capture replace `variable' = (`variable' - r(min)) / (r(max)-r(min))
 10.         }
 11.         
. end
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. 
. * Program to encode a string Name into a number Name_no, and tsset 
. capture program drop NumberUnits 
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. program define NumberUnits 
  1.         encode Name, generate(Name_no)
  2.         gen hyphen = "-"
  3.         egen Name_no_Name = concat(Name_no hyphen Name)
  4.         drop hyphen
  5.         tabulate Name_no_Name
  6.         tsset Name_no Year
  7. end
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. 
. * Load two programs from "save_synth_and_synth_runner_output.do": "save_synth_output" and "save_synth_runner_output"
. * These two programs will save all output from "synth" and "synth_runner" where the current directory is
. do "$path\do files\save_synth_and_synth_runner_output.do"

. ********************************************************************************************************************
. ********************************************************************************************************************
. ********************************************************************************************************************
. * Programs "save_synth_output" and "save_synth_runner_output" to save output from synth and synth_runner.
. * Output is written to the current directory. Use "cd" before calling these programs.
. * save_synth_runner_output will also compute Wilson's asymptotically exact p-value and the Simes p-value.
. ********************************************************************************************************************
. ********************************************************************************************************************
. ********************************************************************************************************************
. ********************************************************************************************************************
. version 17.0
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. 
. /*******************************************************************************************************
> * Install necessary packages if necessary
> 
> * github and rcall by Haghish (github is needed to install rcall)
> net install github, from("https://haghish.github.io/github/")
> github install haghish/rcall, stable
> rcall: install.packages("readstata13", repos="http://cran.uk.r-project.org")
> rcall_check 
> rcall describe
> rcall setpath "if rcall cannot detect your R installation, then set the path here to R.exe"
> 
> * Wilson's harmonic mean p-value, implemented in R.
> rcall: install.packages("harmonicmeanp", repos="http://cran.uk.r-project.org")
> 
> * matsave is not used, but it was potentially useful for our purposes, so this is kept as a reminder in case we ever need it
> * ssc install matsave, replace all
> 
> * estout by Ben Jann, in order to use estadd, to add results to e() matrices.
> ssc install estout, replace
> ********************************************************************************************************/
. 
. * Even if harmonicmeanp is installed, it must still be loaded by R.
. rcall: library(harmonicmeanp)
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. 
. *********************************************************************************************************************************
> *********************************************************************************************************************
. * Program to compute the asymptotically exact p-value (Wilson, Daniel J. "The harmonic mean p-value for combining dependent tests
> ." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116.4 (2019): 1195-1200.)
. * and the Simes p-value (Simes, R. John. "An improved Bonferroni procedure for multiple tests of significance." Biometrika 73.3 (
> 1986): 751-754.).
. * 
. * This program is called by save_synth_runner_output
. * The results are added to the synth_runner e() matrices.
. *********************************************************************************************************************************
> *********************************************************************************************************************
. capture program drop compute_AEP_and_Simes 
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. program define compute_AEP_and_Simes
  1. 
.         * We take the matrices e(pvals) and e(pvals_std), save them as ordinary matrices, then replace all p-values of
.         * zero with their smallest possible non-zero values, which is 1 divided by the number of placebo tests, or 1/e(n_pl_used.
> )
.         * 
.         * Explanation why we replace all p-values of zero:
.         *
.         * The harmonic mean p-value is not defined for p=0. 
.         *
.         * And the Simes test, while technically computable for p=0, doesn't make sense for p=0. 
.         * Suppose we obtained p=0 once and p=0.99 a thousand times. The Simes p-value is the minimum
.         * of p * N/i (after sorting least to greatest), so if a single p-value is zero, the final value 
.         * is zero as well. But intuitively, if we obtain p=0 and p=0.99 a thousand times, the overall 
.         * p-value should be closer to 0.99, not zero.
.         *
.         * Therefore, to compute the harmonic mean p-value and Simes p-value, we replace all p-values of zero with their
.         * smallest possible non-zero values, which is 1 divided by the number of placebo tests, or 1/e(n_pl_used.)
.         foreach matrix_name in pvals pvals_std {
  2.                 matrix `matrix_name' = e(`matrix_name')
  3.                 local numElements = colsof(`matrix_name')
  4.                 foreach element of numlist 1(1)`numElements' {
  5.                         if `matrix_name'[1,`element'] == 0 {
  6.                                 matrix `matrix_name'[1,`element'] = 1 /  e(n_pl_used)
  7.                         }
  8.                 }
  9.         }
 10. 
.         * Pass our matrices (pvals, pvals_std) to R
.         rcall: pvals <- st.matrix(pvals)
 11.         rcall: pvals_std <- st.matrix(pvals_std)
 12.                 
.         * Compute the asymptotically exact p-values (AEP) from the harmonic mean p-values (HMP)
.         * p.hmp takes a vector of ordinary p-values and returns an asymptotically exact p-value
.         * It does this by calculating the HMP (which is simply the harmonic mean of several ordinary p-values) 
.         * and then integrating the Landau distribution over HMP to infinity.
.         rcall: pval_AEP <- p.hmp(pvals)
 13.         rcall: pval_std_AEP <- p.hmp(pvals_std)
 14. 
.         * Compute the Simes p-values 
.         rcall: L <- length(pvals)
 15.         rcall: w <- rep(1/L,L)
 16.         rcall: pval_simes <- min(sort(pvals/w)/(1:L))
 17.         rcall: pval_std_simes <- min(sort(pvals_std/w)/(1:L))
 18.         
.         * For convenience, display e(pval_joint_post) and e(pval_joint_post_std), to which p-values we just generated (AEP and Si
> mes) can be compared
.         disp "e(pval_joint_post): " e(pval_joint_post)
 19.         disp "e(pval_joint_post_std): " e(pval_joint_post_std)
 20.         
.         * Add results to e matrix of current synth_runner results.
.         estadd r(pval_AEP)
 21.         estadd r(pval_std_AEP)
 22.         estadd r(pval_simes)
 23.         estadd r(pval_std_simes) 
 24.         
.         * Erase the temporary files created by rcall 
.         capture erase ".Rdata"
 25.         capture erase "_load.matrix.pvals_std.dta"
 26.         
. end
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. 
. *********************************************************************************************************************************
> *********************************************************************************************************************
. * Program to save synth output in the current directory (whatever that is)
. *********************************************************************************************************************************
> *********************************************************************************************************************
. capture program drop save_synth_output
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. program define save_synth_output
  1.         * Save synth graph
.         graph save "synth_graph", replace
  2.         
.         * Save Synth results in an Excel spreadsheet
.         *Save RMSPE:
.         putexcel set "synth_results.xlsx", replace sheet(RMSPE)
  3.         putexcel (A1) = "e(RMSPE): A one by one matrix that contains the Root Mean Squared Prediction Error (RMSPE))."
  4.         putexcel (A3) = matrix(e(RMSPE)), names overwritefmt
  5.         *Save V-Matrix:
.         putexcel set "synth_results.xlsx", modify sheet(V-Matrix)
  6.         putexcel (A1) = "e(V_matrix): A diagonal matrix that contains the normalized variable weights in the diagonal."
  7.         putexcel (A3) = matrix(e(V_matrix)), names overwritefmt
  8.         *Save Indicator Balance:
.         putexcel set "synth_results.xlsx", modify sheet(Indicator Balance)
  9.         putexcel (A1) = "e(X_balance): A matrix that juxtaposes the predictor values for the unit affected by the intervention
>  and the synthetic control unit. The matrix has two columns (treated and synthetic) and as many rows as predictors."
 10.         putexcel (A3) = matrix(e(X_balance)), names overwritefmt
 11.         *Save Donor Weights:
.         putexcel set "synth_results.xlsx", modify sheet(Donor Weights)
 12.         putexcel (A1) = "e(W_weights): A matrix that contains the unit numbers and unit weights, ie. the relative contribution
>  of each control unit to the synthetic control unit.  The matrix has two column and as many rows as control units."
 13.         putexcel (A3) = matrix(e(W_weights)), names overwritefmt
 14.         *Save outcome for both treated and synthetic:
.         putexcel set "synth_results.xlsx", modify sheet(Outcomes)
 15.         putexcel (A1) =  "e(Y_treated): A matrix that contains the values of the response variable for the treated unit for ea
> ch time period.  The matrix has one column and as many rows as time periods specified in resultsperiod()."
 16.         putexcel (A2) = "e(Y_synthetic): A matrix that contains the values of the response variable for the synthetic control 
> unit for each time period.  The matrix has one column and as many rows as time periods specified in resultsperiod()."
 17.         putexcel (A4) = matrix(e(Y_treated)), names overwritefmt
 18.         putexcel (B4) = "Y-Treated"
 19.         putexcel (D4) = matrix(e(Y_synthetic)), names overwritefmt
 20.         putexcel (E4) = "Y-Synthetic"
 21. end
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. 
. *********************************************************************************************************************************
> *********************************************************************************************************************
. * Program to save synth_runner output in the current directory (whatever that is)
. *********************************************************************************************************************************
> *********************************************************************************************************************
. capture program drop save_synth_runner_output
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. program define save_synth_runner_output
  1. 
.         * Obtain the asymptotically exact p-value and the Simes p-value 
.         compute_AEP_and_Simes
  2.         
.         * Generate and save synth_runner graphs
.         * This is captured noisily because it cannot be run when synth_runner has multiple treated units.
.         capture noisily {
  3.                 single_treatment_graphs, trlinediff(0)
  4.                         graph save raw "synth_runner_raw", replace
  5.                         graph save effects "synth_runner_effects", replace
  6.                 effect_graphs, trlinediff(0)
  7.                         graph save effect "synth_runner_effect", replace
  8.                         graph save tc "synth_runner_tc", replace
  9.                 pval_graphs
 10.                         graph save pvals "synth_runner_pvals", replace
 11.                         graph save pvals_std "synth_runner_pvals_std", replace
 12.         }
 13. 
.         * Save synth_runner results
.         * Save number of placebos
.         putexcel set "synth_runner_results.xlsx", replace sheet(N-Placebos)
 14.         putexcel (A1) = "e(n_pl): The number of placebo averages used for comparison. For single treatment setups, this can be
>  used to calculate purely randomized p-values."
 15.                 putexcel (A2) = matrix(e(n_pl)), names overwritefmt
 16.         putexcel (A5) = "e(n_pl_used): undocumented."
 17.                 putexcel (A6) = matrix(e(n_pl_used)), names overwritefmt
 18.         putexcel (A9) = "e(failed_opt_targets): Errors when constructing the synthetic controls for non-treated units are hand
> led gracefully. If any are detected they will be listed in this matrix. (Errors when constructing the synthetic control for treat
> ed units will abort the method.)"
 19.                 putexcel (A10) = matrix(e(failed_opt_targets)), names overwritefmt
 20.         * Save P-Values
.         putexcel set "synth_runner_results.xlsx", modify sheet(P-Values)
 21.         putexcel (A1) = "e(pvals): A vector of the proportions of placebo effects that are at least as large as the main effec
> t for each post-treatment period."
 22.                 putexcel (A2) = matrix(e(pvals)), names overwritefmt
 23.         putexcel (A5) = "e(pvals_std): A vector of the proportions of placebo standardized effects that are at least as large 
> as the main standardized effect for each post-treatment period."
 24.                 putexcel (A6) = matrix(e(pvals_std)), names overwritefmt
 25.         putexcel (A9) = "e(pval_joint_post): The proportion of placebos that have a post-treatment RMSPE at least as large as 
> the average for the treated units."
 26.                 putexcel (A10) = matrix(e(pval_joint_post)), names overwritefmt
 27.         putexcel (A13) = "e(pval_joint_post_std): The proportion of placebos that have a ratio of post-treatment RMSPE over pr
> e-treatment RMSPE at least as large as the average ratio for the treated units."
 28.                 putexcel (A14) = matrix(e(pval_joint_post_std)), names overwritefmt     
 29.         putexcel (A17) = "e(pval_AEP): The asymptotically exact p-value (AEP) of e(pvals). The AEP is obtained by taking the h
> armonic mean of several ordinary p-values (HMP), and then integrating the Landua distribution over HMP to infinity."
 30.                 putexcel (A18) = "The AEP is a form of meta-analysis. See Wilson, Daniel J. ''The harmonic mean p-value for co
> mbining dependent tests.'' Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116.4 (2019): 1195-1200."
 31.                 putexcel (A19) = "This value should be interpreted similarly to e(pval_joint_post)."
 32.                 putexcel (A20) = matrix(e(pval_AEP)), names overwritefmt        
 33.         putexcel (A23) = "e(pval_std_AEP): Equivalent to e(pvals_AEP), but computed from e(pvals_std)."
 34.                 putexcel (A24) = "This value should be interpreted similarly to e(pval_joint_post_std)."
 35.                 putexcel (A25) = matrix(e(pval_std_AEP)), names overwritefmt
 36.         putexcel (A28) = "e(pval_simes): The Simes p-value of e(pvals). The Simes p-value is similar to the Bonferroni correct
> ion for multiple tests, except instead of multiplying every p-value by N,"
 37.                 putexcel (A29) = "it orders p-values from smallest to largest, and multiplies each by N/i. Thus, it is less co
> nservative, and has a lower false-negative rate than the Bonferroni correction."
 38.                 putexcel (A30) = "See Simes, R. John. ''An improved Bonferroni procedure for multiple tests of significance.''
>  Biometrika 73.3 (1986): 751-754."
 39.                 putexcel (A31) = "This value should be interpreted similarly to e(pval_joint_post)."
 40.                 putexcel (A32) = matrix(e(pval_simes)), names overwritefmt
 41.         putexcel (A35) = "e(pval_std_simes): The Simes p-value of e(pvals_std)."
 42.                 putexcel (A36) = "This value should be interpreted similarly to e(pval_joint_post_std)."
 43.                 putexcel (A37) = matrix(e(pval_std_simes)), names overwritefmt  
 44.         
.         * Save measures of fit
.         putexcel set "synth_runner_results.xlsx", modify sheet(Fit)
 45.         putexcel (A1) = "e(avg_pre_rmspe_p): The proportion of placebos that have a pre-treatment RMSPE at least as large as t
> he average of the treated units. A measure of fit. Concerning if significant."
 46.         putexcel (A2) = matrix(e(avg_pre_rmspe_p)), names overwritefmt
 47.         
.         putexcel set "synth_runner_results.xlsx", modify sheet(Fit)
 48.         putexcel (A5) = "e(avg_val_rmspe_p):  When specifying training_propr, this is the proportion of placebos that have a R
> MSPE for the validation period at least as large as the average of the treated units. A measure of fit. Concerning if significant
> ."
 49.         putexcel (A6) = matrix(e(avg_val_rmspe_p)), names overwritefmt
 50. end 
r; t=0.00 9:46:29

. 
. *********************************************************************************************************************************
> ***************************************************************************************************************
. *********************************************************************************************************************************
> ***************************************************************************************************************
. 
end of do-file
r; t=0.64 9:46:29

. 
. clear
r; t=0.00 9:46:29

. 
. /********************************************************************************************************************************
> *****************************
> *********************************************************************************************************************************
> *****************************
> *********************************************************************************************************************************
> *****************************
> *********************************************************************************************************************************
> *****************************
> *********************************************************************************************************************************
> *****************************
> Google Ngrams
> 
> Synthetic control in German in 1891 for 4 authors: Karl Marx and the 3 authors of the Erfurt Program: August Bebel, Eduard Bernst
> ein, and Karl Kautsky.
> In each synthetic control, we drop the other 3 authors authors to avoid spillovers
> *********************************************************************************************************************************
> *****************************
> *********************************************************************************************************************************
> *****************************
> *********************************************************************************************************************************
> *****************************
> *********************************************************************************************************************************
> *****************************
> *********************************************************************************************************************************
> *****************************
> *********************************************************************************************************************************
> ****************************/
. 
. capture program drop LoadData 
r; t=0.00 9:46:29

. program define LoadData 
  1.         
.         clear
  2.         cd "$path"
  3.         use "$path\data files\all_authors_with_citations_and_indicators.dta"
  4.         append using "$path\data files\additional_authors.dta"
  5.         
.         keep Name Year cite_* Political Socialist OriginalLanguage wrote_* Yearof* author_set 
  6.         order Name Year cite_* Political Socialist OriginalLanguage wrote_* Yearof* author_set
  7.         
.         * As with the original JPE treatment=1917 paper, Hegel is dropped because the father and son are both named "Hegel." Hege
> l is only included for a single robustness test.
.         drop if Name == "Hegel" 
  8.         
.         * The dataset contains both "Karl Marx" and "Marx", and only one can be kept at a time. "Marx" is measured only in Englis
> h, whereas we are using German citations, so 
.         * we do not need to drop "Marx." But for completeness, we do so anyway.
.         drop if Name == "Marx"
  9.         
.         * For the synth graph, we will graph to 1932 so that we can visually compare the treatment effects of 1891 vs 1917. 
.         * But for synth_runner p-values, we will end in 1904, just prior to the 1905 Russian Revolution (which may have a treatme
> nt effect of its own)
.         drop if Year < 1879
 10.         drop if Year > 1932
 11.         
.         keep if !missing(cite_German)
 12.         
.         NormalizeVariables
 13.         NumberUnits
 14.         compress 
 15.         
. end
r; t=0.00 9:46:29

. 
. capture program drop synth_regression
r; t=0.00 9:46:29

. program define synth_regression
  1.         
.         * We run synthetic control with 2 end periods
.         * 1. With synth, until 1932, to visually see the effects as late as our original JPE paper.
.         * 2. With synth_runner, until 1901, to match the p-values we will obtain with synth_runner. We stop in 1901 for 2 reasons
> : 
.         *               (1) so that our post-treatment period is not longer than our pre-treatment period and (2) to avoid confla
> ting with the effects of the 1905 Russian Revolution.
.         
.         * We define a local macro containing a list of the language indicator variables to include.
.         * Normally, all of these are included (the omitted language is Russian). 
.         * But when the test includes socialists only, then the only languages in the dataset are 
.         * English, French, and German. In that case, we include two and leave the third out.
.         local Languages = "wrote_English wrote_German wrote_French wrote_Greek wrote_Latin wrote_Italian wrote_Spanish"
  2.         
.         * For tests that drop all other Socialists, the Socialist binary variable should not be included.
.         * Therefore, we define a local macro named "Socialist" that takes either the value "Socialist" or else "" (empty string),
.         * depending on whether the dataset contains any socialists besides Marx.
.         local Socialist = "Socialist"
  3.         quietly count if (Socialist == 1 & Name != "Karl Marx")
  4.         if (r(N) == 0) {
  5.                 local Socialist = ""
  6.         }
  7.         
.         * For tests that include only socialists, both the Socialist and Political binary variables should not be included.
.         * Therefore, we define a local macro named "Political" that takes either the value "Political" or else "" (empty string).
.         * If the dataset consists solely of socialists, then both the macros Socialist and Political take the null value.
.         * In addition, we only need to include two languages (out of English, German, and French) because socialists include only
.         * three languages, so we include two and omit one.
.         local Political = "Political"
  8.         quietly count if Socialist == 1
  9.         if (r(N) == _N) {
 10.                 local Socialist = ""
 11.                 local Political = ""
 12.                 local Languages = "wrote_English wrote_German"
 13.         }
 14.         
.         * Thee Anti-Socialist Law starts 22 Oct 1878, fails to renew 25 Jan 1890, but actually expires 30 Sept 1890.
.         * So we define the treatment in 1891 and the pre-treatment period as 1879-1890.
.         * For practical purposes, 1879-1890 = continuous period of Anti-Socialist Law.
.         * Thus, 1891 will be a double-treatment of the repeal of the law plus the promulgation of the Erfurt Program.
.         
.         synth cite_German ///
>                 YearofPublication `Languages' `Socialist' `Political' ///
>                 cite_German(1879(1)1881) cite_German(1882(1)1884) cite_German(1885(1)1887) cite_German(1888(1)1890), $convergence
>  ///
>                 trunit($trunit) trperiod(1891) resultsperiod(1879(1)1932) mspeperiod(1879(1)1890) ///
>                 fig keep("synth_results") replace
 15.                 
.                 save_synth_output
 16.         
.         * synth_runner does not allow setting a resultsperiod, so instead, we have to drop all observations of Year > 1901. We us
> e preserve...restore.
.         preserve 
 17.         drop if Year > 1901
 18.         synth_runner cite_German ///
>                 YearofPublication `Languages' `Socialist' `Political' ///
>                 cite_German(1879(1)1881) cite_German(1882(1)1884) cite_German(1885(1)1887) cite_German(1888(1)1890), $convergence
>  ///
>                 trunit($trunit) trperiod(1891) mspeperiod(1879(1)1890) /// 
>                 noredo_tr_error ///
>                 gen_vars ///
>                 keep("synth_runner_results") replace ///
>                 parallel 
 19.                 
.                 save_synth_runner_output
 20.         
.                 * Cleanup
.                 drop lead cite_German_synth effect pre_rmspe post_rmspe
 21.                 parallel clean  
 22.         restore
 23.                 
. end
r; t=0.00 9:46:29

.                 
. /******************************************************************************
> Karl Marx, primary treatment (1891)
> 
> Because the repeal of the Anti-Socialist Law would have treated socialists too, we have 3 specifications:
> 1. Drop all socialists other than Marx, so that Marx is compared only to non-treated non-socialists. 
>         This means Marx experiences a double-treatment of both the repeal of the law as well as the promulgation of the Erfurt Pr
> ogram.
>         Therefore, the estimated treatment effect is an upper-bound.
> 2. Socialists only - to see if Marx's double treatment (repeal of law plus Erfurt Program) is larger than the socialists' single 
> treatment (of the repeal of the law alone)
> 3. Full sample - just to see.
> *******************************************************************************/
. 
. cd "$path\results\Ngram results"
C:\myStuff\stuff I've written\Academic papers\marx paper with phil magness\2nd paper - re SPD\results\Ngram results
r; t=0.00 9:46:29

. capture noisily mkdir "Karl Marx - German Ngram citations - treatment 1891"
could not create directory Karl Marx - German Ngram citations - treatment 1891
r; t=0.00 9:46:29

. cd "Karl Marx - German Ngram citations - treatment 1891"
C:\myStuff\stuff I've written\Academic papers\marx paper with phil magness\2nd paper - re SPD\results\Ngram results\Karl Marx - Ger
> man Ngram citations - treatment 1891
r; t=0.00 9:46:29

. 
. /********************
> Drop all socialists
> *********************/
. 
. clear 
r; t=0.00 9:46:29

. LoadData
C:\myStuff\stuff I've written\Academic papers\marx paper with phil magness\2nd paper - re SPD
(variable wrote_English was byte, now float to accommodate using data's values)
(variable wrote_German was byte, now float to accommodate using data's values)
(variable wrote_French was byte, now float to accommodate using data's values)
(variable wrote_Greek was byte, now float to accommodate using data's values)
(variable wrote_Latin was byte, now float to accommodate using data's values)
(variable wrote_Spanish was byte, now float to accommodate using data's values)
(variable wrote_Italian was byte, now float to accommodate using data's values)
(151 observations deleted)
(151 observations deleted)
(6,612 observations deleted)
(15,504 observations deleted)
(270 observations deleted)

                   Name_no_Name |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
--------------------------------+-----------------------------------
              1-Abraham Lincoln |         54        0.45        0.45
                     10-Aquinas |         54        0.45        0.90
                       100-Hume |         54        0.45        1.35
                  101-Hölderlin |         54        0.45        1.79
              102-Immanuel Kant |         54        0.45        2.24
               103-Izaak Walton |         54        0.45        2.69
    104-James Fitzjames Stephen |         54        0.45        3.14
              105-James Madison |         54        0.45        3.59
                106-Jean Racine |         54        0.45        4.04
                107-John Bunyan |         54        0.45        4.48
             108-John C Calhoun |         54        0.45        4.93
                109-John Calvin |         54        0.45        5.38
            11-Archibald Geikie |         54        0.45        5.83
                  110-John Knox |         54        0.45        6.28
                 111-John Locke |         54        0.45        6.73
                112-John Milton |         54        0.45        7.17
                113-John Ruskin |         54        0.45        7.62
           114-John Stuart Mill |         54        0.45        8.07
               115-John Woolman |         54        0.45        8.52
             116-Jonathan Swift |         54        0.45        8.97
              117-Joseph Lister |         54        0.45        9.42
                      118-Kafka |         54        0.45        9.87
               119-Karl Kautsky |         54        0.45       10.31
                12-Aristophanes |         54        0.45       10.76
                 120-Karl Knies |         54        0.45       11.21
                  121-Karl Marx |         54        0.45       11.66
                     122-Kelvin |         54        0.45       12.11
                     123-Kempis |         54        0.45       12.56
                  124-Kropotkin |         54        0.45       13.00
               125-Kuno Fischer |         54        0.45       13.45
                      126-Külpe |         54        0.45       13.90
                  127-Laspeyres |         54        0.45       14.35
                    128-Leibniz |         54        0.45       14.80
                 129-Lord Acton |         54        0.45       15.25
                   13-Aristotle |         54        0.45       15.70
                 130-Lord Byron |         54        0.45       16.14
             131-Ludwig Büchner |         54        0.45       16.59
           132-Ludwig Feuerbach |         54        0.45       17.04
              133-Lujo Brentano |         54        0.45       17.49
                134-Machiavelli |         54        0.45       17.94
                 135-Mainländer |         54        0.45       18.39
                     136-Malory |         54        0.45       18.83
                    137-Malthus |         54        0.45       19.28
            138-Marcus Aurelius |         54        0.45       19.73
                    139-Marlowe |         54        0.45       20.18
                 14-Arnold Ruge |         54        0.45       20.63
              140-Martin Luther |         54        0.45       21.08
                141-Max Stirner |         54        0.45       21.52
                    142-Mazzini |         54        0.45       21.97
                    143-Molière |         54        0.45       22.42
                  144-Montaigne |         54        0.45       22.87
                145-Montesquieu |         54        0.45       23.32
                 146-Moses Hess |         54        0.45       23.77
          147-Moses Mendelssohn |         54        0.45       24.22
              148-Nassau Senior |         54        0.45       24.66
                     149-Natorp |         54        0.45       25.11
             15-Auberon Herbert |         54        0.45       25.56
                     150-Newton |         54        0.45       26.01
                  151-Nietzsche |         54        0.45       26.46
           152-Oliver Goldsmith |         54        0.45       26.91
      153-Oliver Wendell Holmes |         54        0.45       27.35
                154-Oscar Wilde |         54        0.45       27.80
              155-Otto Liebmann |         54        0.45       28.25
            156-Otto Pfleiderer |         54        0.45       28.70
                    157-Pasteur |         54        0.45       29.15
 158-Pedro Calderón de la Barca |         54        0.45       29.60
       159-Percy Bysshe Shelley |         54        0.45       30.04
                16-August Bebel |         54        0.45       30.49
                   160-Pericles |         54        0.45       30.94
           161-Pierre Corneille |         54        0.45       31.39
                      162-Plato |         54        0.45       31.84
          163-Pliny the Younger |         54        0.45       32.29
                   164-Plutarch |         54        0.45       32.74
                   165-Proudhon |         54        0.45       33.18
        166-Ralph Waldo Emerson |         54        0.45       33.63
                      167-Ranke |         54        0.45       34.08
                      168-Renan |         54        0.45       34.53
             169-Richard Cobden |         54        0.45       34.98
               17-Auguste Comte |         54        0.45       35.43
                      170-Rilke |         54        0.45       35.87
            171-Robert Browning |         54        0.45       36.32
               172-Robert Burns |         54        0.45       36.77
                173-Robert Owen |         54        0.45       37.22
                  174-Rodbertus |         54        0.45       37.67
                   175-Rousseau |         54        0.45       38.12
                176-Rudolf Haym |         54        0.45       38.57
                177-SainteBeuve |         54        0.45       39.01
             178-Samuel Johnson |         54        0.45       39.46
                    179-Scheler |         54        0.45       39.91
                   18-Augustine |         54        0.45       40.36
             180-Schleiermacher |         54        0.45       40.81
                  181-Schmoller |         54        0.45       41.26
               182-Schopenhauer |         54        0.45       41.70
                   183-Schäffle |         54        0.45       42.15
             184-Sigismund Beck |         54        0.45       42.60
                     185-Simmel |         54        0.45       43.05
              186-Simon Newcomb |         54        0.45       43.50
                   187-Sismondi |         54        0.45       43.95
                    188-Sombart |         54        0.45       44.39
                  189-Sophocles |         54        0.45       44.84
                     19-Bakunin |         54        0.45       45.29
                    190-Spinoza |         54        0.45       45.74
                    191-Tacitus |         54        0.45       46.19
            192-Theodor Fontane |         54        0.45       46.64
              193-Theodor Lipps |         54        0.45       47.09
                194-Thomas Abbt |         54        0.45       47.53
              195-Thomas Browne |         54        0.45       47.98
             196-Thomas Carlyle |         54        0.45       48.43
           197-Thomas Jefferson |         54        0.45       48.88
                198-Thomas Mann |         54        0.45       49.33
                199-Thomas More |         54        0.45       49.78
                   2-Adam Smith |         54        0.45       50.22
      20-Barthold Georg Niebuhr |         54        0.45       50.67
                    200-Thoreau |         54        0.45       51.12
                 201-Thucydides |         54        0.45       51.57
                     202-Thünen |         54        0.45       52.02
                203-Tocqueville |         54        0.45       52.47
                204-Victor Hugo |         54        0.45       52.91
                     205-Virgil |         54        0.45       53.36
                   206-Voltaire |         54        0.45       53.81
               207-Walt Whitman |         54        0.45       54.26
             208-Walter Raleigh |         54        0.45       54.71
                  209-Wentscher |         54        0.45       55.16
                     21-Bastiat |         54        0.45       55.61
           210-Wilhelm Drobisch |         54        0.45       56.05
            211-Wilhelm Roscher |         54        0.45       56.50
       212-Wilhelm von Humboldt |         54        0.45       56.95
             213-William Caxton |         54        0.45       57.40
             214-William Godwin |         54        0.45       57.85
      215-William Graham Sumner |         54        0.45       58.30
           216-William Harrison |         54        0.45       58.74
             217-William Harvey |         54        0.45       59.19
               218-William Penn |         54        0.45       59.64
         219-William Wordsworth |         54        0.45       60.09
           22-Benjamin Constant |         54        0.45       60.54
                 220-Windelband |         54        0.45       60.99
             221-Wollstonecraft |         54        0.45       61.43
                      222-Wundt |         54        0.45       61.88
                  223-de Gouges |         54        0.45       62.33
           23-Benjamin Franklin |         54        0.45       62.78
                     24-Bentham |         54        0.45       63.23
             25-Bernard Bolzano |         54        0.45       63.68
                     26-Blanqui |         54        0.45       64.13
                 27-Bruno Bauer |         54        0.45       64.57
            28-Bruno Hildebrand |         54        0.45       65.02
                 29-Carl Stumpf |         54        0.45       65.47
                    3-Aeschylus |         54        0.45       65.92
                     30-Cellini |         54        0.45       66.37
                   31-Cervantes |         54        0.45       66.82
              32-Charles Darwin |         54        0.45       67.26
             33-Charles Fourier |         54        0.45       67.71
                     34-Chaucer |         54        0.45       68.16
         35-Christian Schreiber |         54        0.45       68.61
  36-Christian Wilhelm von Dohm |         54        0.45       69.06
                      37-Cicero |         54        0.45       69.51
                  38-Clausewitz |         54        0.45       69.96
                  39-Copernicus |         54        0.45       70.40
                        4-Aesop |         54        0.45       70.85
             40-Dante Alighieri |         54        0.45       71.30
               41-David Ricardo |         54        0.45       71.75
                   42-Descartes |         54        0.45       72.20
          43-Dietrich Tiedemann |         54        0.45       72.65
                     44-Dilthey |         54        0.45       73.09
                 45-Dostoyevsky |         54        0.45       73.54
                      46-Dryden |         54        0.45       73.99
                    47-Durkheim |         54        0.45       74.44
              48-E T A Hoffmann |         54        0.45       74.89
                  49-Ebbinghaus |         54        0.45       75.34
           5-Alessandro Manzoni |         54        0.45       75.78
                50-Edmund Burke |         54        0.45       76.23
              51-Edmund Spenser |         54        0.45       76.68
               52-Eduard Beneke |         54        0.45       77.13
            53-Eduard Bernstein |         54        0.45       77.58
               54-Eduard Zeller |         54        0.45       78.03
         55-Eduard von Hartmann |         54        0.45       78.48
              56-Edward Bellamy |         54        0.45       78.92
               57-Edward Jenner |         54        0.45       79.37
                   58-Epictetus |         54        0.45       79.82
               59-Eugen Dühring |         54        0.45       80.27
           6-Alexander Hamilton |         54        0.45       80.72
                   60-Euripides |         54        0.45       81.17
                     61-Faraday |         54        0.45       81.61
          62-Ferdinand Lassalle |         54        0.45       82.06
           63-Ferdinand Tönnies |         54        0.45       82.51
                      64-Fichte |         54        0.45       82.96
               65-Francis Bacon |         54        0.45       83.41
              66-Franz Brentano |         54        0.45       83.86
          67-Frederick Douglass |         54        0.45       84.30
                       68-Frege |         54        0.45       84.75
               69-Friedrich Ast |         54        0.45       85.20
               7-Alexander Pope |         54        0.45       85.65
  70-Friedrich Carl von Savigny |         54        0.45       86.10
   71-Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi |         54        0.45       86.55
            72-Friedrich Krause |         54        0.45       87.00
              73-Friedrich List |         54        0.45       87.44
          74-Friedrich Schiller |         54        0.45       87.89
          75-Friedrich Schlegel |         54        0.45       88.34
              76-Fritz Schultze |         54        0.45       88.79
                   77-Froissart |         54        0.45       89.24
                      78-Goethe |         54        0.45       89.69
    79-Gotthold Ephraim Lessing |         54        0.45       90.13
                8-Amadeus Wendt |         54        0.45       90.58
       80-Gottlob Ernst Schulze |         54        0.45       91.03
              81-Grimmelshausen |         54        0.45       91.48
              82-Gustav Freytag |         54        0.45       91.93
            83-Gustav Schönberg |         54        0.45       92.38
                      84-Hamann |         54        0.45       92.83
     85-Hans Christian Andersen |         54        0.45       93.27
              86-Heinrich Feder |         54        0.45       93.72
                   87-Helmholtz |         54        0.45       94.17
              88-Henry Fielding |         54        0.45       94.62
                89-Henry George |         54        0.45       95.07
                9-Ambroise Paré |         54        0.45       95.52
                     90-Herbart |         54        0.45       95.96
             91-Herbert Spencer |         54        0.45       96.41
                      92-Herder |         54        0.45       96.86
               93-Hermann Cohen |         54        0.45       97.31
               94-Hermann Lotze |         54        0.45       97.76
                   95-Herodotus |         54        0.45       98.21
                 96-Hippocrates |         54        0.45       98.65
             97-Hippolyte Taine |         54        0.45       99.10
                      98-Hobbes |         54        0.45       99.55
                       99-Homer |         54        0.45      100.00
--------------------------------+-----------------------------------
                          Total |     12,042      100.00

Panel variable: Name_no (strongly balanced)
 Time variable: Year, 1879 to 1932
         Delta: 1 unit
  variable wrote_English was float now byte
  variable wrote_German was float now byte
  variable wrote_French was float now byte
  variable wrote_Spanish was float now byte
  variable wrote_Italian was float now byte
  variable wrote_Greek was float now byte
  variable wrote_Latin was float now byte
  variable Name_no was long now int
  (276,966 bytes saved)
r; t=0.20 9:46:30

. * Drop Bebel, Bernstein, and Kautsky, who are also potentially treated (by their authorship of the Erfurt Program).
. drop if Name == "August Bebel" | Name == "Eduard Bernstein" | Name == "Karl Kautsky"
(162 observations deleted)
r; t=0.00 9:46:30

. * Drop all other socialists besides Marx.
. keep if Name == "Karl Marx" | Socialist == 0
(1,080 observations deleted)
r; t=0.00 9:46:30

. 
. quietly summarize Name_no if Name == "Karl Marx"
r; t=0.00 9:46:30

. global trunit = r(mean)
r; t=0.00 9:46:30

. 
. cd "$path\results\Ngram results\Karl Marx - German Ngram citations - treatment 1891"
C:\myStuff\stuff I've written\Academic papers\marx paper with phil magness\2nd paper - re SPD\results\Ngram results\Karl Marx - Ger
> man Ngram citations - treatment 1891
r; t=0.00 9:46:30

. capture noisily mkdir "Drop socialists"
could not create directory Drop socialists
r; t=0.00 9:46:30

. cd "Drop socialists"
C:\myStuff\stuff I've written\Academic papers\marx paper with phil magness\2nd paper - re SPD\results\Ngram results\Karl Marx - Ger
> man Ngram citations - treatment 1891\Drop socialists
r; t=0.00 9:46:30

. 
end of do-file

r; t=27.10 9:46:30
. do "C:\Users\seven\AppData\Local\Temp\STD1c40_000000.tmp"

. 
. capture program drop LoadData
r; t=0.00 9:46:54

. program define LoadData 
  1. 
.         clear
  2.         use "$path\data files\german_newspaper_data_w_indicators.dta", replace
  3.         NormalizeVariables
  4.         capture noisily NumberUnits
  5.         
.         * We begin in 1879 to be consistent with our foregoing tests of 1891 using German Google Ngrams.
.         * Similarly, we start in 1879 for tests of both 1891 and 1917 for the sake of consistency.
.         keep if Year >= 1879 & Year <= 1932
  6.         
.         * Drop "Marx" (as opposed to "Karl Marx"), Hegel, Bebel, Bernstein, and Kautsky - even though some of them shouldn't be i
> n this dataset to begin with.
.         drop if Name == "Marx" | Name == "Hegel" | Name == "August Bebel" | Name == "Eduard Bernstein" | Name == "Karl Kautsky"
  7.         
.         * In 1891, we drop all other socialists to avoid spillover effects due to the abrogation of the Anti-Socialist Law.
.         * So do this in 1917 (or any other year) too, for direct comparability of the two effects of 1891 and 1917;
.         * the two tests won't be using two different samples of donors.
.         keep if Name == "Karl Marx" | Socialist == 0
  8.         
. end
r; t=0.00 9:46:54

. 
. * Program to run synthetic control for 1917 Russian Revolution 
. * We will run 2 tests: (1) non-socialists only and (2) full-sample.
. capture program drop synth_regression 
r; t=0.00 9:46:54

. program define synth_regression
  1. 
.         * For tests that drop all other socialists, the Socialist binary variable should not be included.
.         * Therefore, we define a local macro named "Socialist" that takes either the value "Socialist" or else "" (empty string),
.         * depending on whether the dataset contains any socialists besides Marx.
.         local Socialist = "Socialist"
  2.         quietly count if (Socialist == 1 & Name != "Karl Marx")
  3.         if (r(N) == 0) {
  4.                 local Socialist = ""
  5.         }
  6.         
.         quietly summarize Name_no if Name == "Karl Marx"
  7.         global trunit = r(mean)
  8. 
.         synth NewsCite_NetNorm ///
>                 YearofPublication wrote_English wrote_German wrote_French wrote_Greek wrote_Latin wrote_Italian wrote_Spanish `So
> cialist' Political ///
>                 NewsCite_NetNorm(1879(1)1880) NewsCite_NetNorm(1884(1)1886) NewsCite_NetNorm(1890(1)1892) NewsCite_NetNorm(1896(1
> )1898) NewsCite_NetNorm(1902(1)1904) NewsCite_NetNorm(1908(1)1910) NewsCite_NetNorm(1914(1)1916), $convergence ///
>                 trunit($trunit) trperiod(1917) resultsperiod(1879(1)1932) mspeperiod(1879(1)1916) ///
>                 fig replace
  9.         
.                 save_synth_output
 10. 
.         synth_runner NewsCite_NetNorm ///
>                 YearofPublication wrote_English wrote_German wrote_French wrote_Greek wrote_Latin wrote_Italian wrote_Spanish `So
> cialist' Political ///
>                 NewsCite_NetNorm(1879(1)1880) NewsCite_NetNorm(1884(1)1886) NewsCite_NetNorm(1890(1)1892) NewsCite_NetNorm(1896(1
> )1898) NewsCite_NetNorm(1902(1)1904) NewsCite_NetNorm(1908(1)1910) NewsCite_NetNorm(1914(1)1916), $convergence ///
>                 trunit($trunit) trperiod(1917) mspeperiod(1879(1)1916) /// 
>                 noredo_tr_error ///
>                 gen_vars ///
>                 keep("synth_runner_results") replace ///
>                 parallel 
 11.                 
.                 save_synth_runner_output
 12. 
.                 * Cleanup
.                 drop lead NewsCite_NetNorm_synth effect pre_rmspe post_rmspe
 13.                 parallel clean          
 14. 
. end
r; t=0.00 9:46:54

.         
. /*******************************************************************************
> Test of 1917 Russian Revolution
> *******************************************************************************/
. 
. cd "$path\results\German newspaper results\"
C:\myStuff\stuff I've written\Academic papers\marx paper with phil magness\2nd paper - re SPD\results\German newspaper results
r; t=0.00 9:46:54

. capture noisily mkdir "1917 Russian Rev"
could not create directory 1917 Russian Rev
r; t=0.00 9:46:54

. cd "1917 Russian Rev"
C:\myStuff\stuff I've written\Academic papers\marx paper with phil magness\2nd paper - re SPD\results\German newspaper results\1917
>  Russian Rev
r; t=0.00 9:46:54

. 
. ***************
. * Non-socialists only (besides Marx himself, of course).
. * To be consistent with the sample used to test the 1891 Erfurt Program below
. ***************
. 
. cd "$path\results\German newspaper results\1917 Russian Rev"
C:\myStuff\stuff I've written\Academic papers\marx paper with phil magness\2nd paper - re SPD\results\German newspaper results\1917
>  Russian Rev
r; t=0.00 9:46:54

. capture noisily mkdir "Drop socialists"
could not create directory Drop socialists
r; t=0.00 9:46:54

. cd "Drop socialists"
C:\myStuff\stuff I've written\Academic papers\marx paper with phil magness\2nd paper - re SPD\results\German newspaper results\1917
>  Russian Rev\Drop socialists
r; t=0.00 9:46:54

. 
. * The LoadData program will drop socialists; the same program will be used to test 1891.
. clear 
r; t=0.00 9:46:54

. LoadData 

                   Name_no_Name |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
--------------------------------+-----------------------------------
              1-Abraham Lincoln |         55        0.44        0.44
                     10-Aquinas |         55        0.44        0.89
                      100-Homer |         55        0.44        1.33
                       101-Hume |         55        0.44        1.78
                  102-Hölderlin |         55        0.44        2.22
              103-Immanuel Kant |         55        0.44        2.67
               104-Izaak Walton |         55        0.44        3.11
    105-James Fitzjames Stephen |         55        0.44        3.56
              106-James Madison |         55        0.44        4.00
                107-Jean Racine |         55        0.44        4.44
                108-John Bunyan |         55        0.44        4.89
             109-John C Calhoun |         55        0.44        5.33
            11-Archibald Geikie |         55        0.44        5.78
                110-John Calvin |         55        0.44        6.22
                  111-John Knox |         55        0.44        6.67
                 112-John Locke |         55        0.44        7.11
                113-John Milton |         55        0.44        7.56
                114-John Ruskin |         55        0.44        8.00
           115-John Stuart Mill |         55        0.44        8.44
               116-John Woolman |         55        0.44        8.89
             117-Jonathan Swift |         55        0.44        9.33
              118-Joseph Lister |         55        0.44        9.78
                      119-Kafka |         55        0.44       10.22
                12-Aristophanes |         55        0.44       10.67
                 120-Karl Knies |         55        0.44       11.11
                  121-Karl Marx |         55        0.44       11.56
                     122-Kelvin |         55        0.44       12.00
                     123-Kempis |         55        0.44       12.44
                  124-Kropotkin |         55        0.44       12.89
               125-Kuno Fischer |         55        0.44       13.33
                      126-Külpe |         55        0.44       13.78
                  127-Laspeyres |         55        0.44       14.22
                    128-Leibniz |         55        0.44       14.67
                 129-Lord Acton |         55        0.44       15.11
                   13-Aristotle |         55        0.44       15.56
                 130-Lord Byron |         55        0.44       16.00
             131-Ludwig Büchner |         55        0.44       16.44
           132-Ludwig Feuerbach |         55        0.44       16.89
              133-Lujo Brentano |         55        0.44       17.33
                134-Machiavelli |         55        0.44       17.78
                 135-Mainländer |         55        0.44       18.22
                     136-Malory |         55        0.44       18.67
                    137-Malthus |         55        0.44       19.11
            138-Marcus Aurelius |         55        0.44       19.56
                    139-Marlowe |         55        0.44       20.00
                 14-Arnold Ruge |         55        0.44       20.44
              140-Martin Luther |         55        0.44       20.89
                141-Max Stirner |         55        0.44       21.33
                    142-Mazzini |         55        0.44       21.78
                    143-Molière |         55        0.44       22.22
                  144-Montaigne |         55        0.44       22.67
                145-Montesquieu |         55        0.44       23.11
                 146-Moses Hess |         55        0.44       23.56
          147-Moses Mendelssohn |         55        0.44       24.00
              148-Nassau Senior |         55        0.44       24.44
                     149-Natorp |         55        0.44       24.89
             15-Auberon Herbert |         55        0.44       25.33
                     150-Newton |         55        0.44       25.78
                  151-Nietzsche |         55        0.44       26.22
           152-Oliver Goldsmith |         55        0.44       26.67
      153-Oliver Wendell Holmes |         55        0.44       27.11
                154-Oscar Wilde |         55        0.44       27.56
              155-Otto Liebmann |         55        0.44       28.00
            156-Otto Pfleiderer |         55        0.44       28.44
                    157-Pasteur |         55        0.44       28.89
 158-Pedro Calderón de la Barca |         55        0.44       29.33
       159-Percy Bysshe Shelley |         55        0.44       29.78
               16-Auguste Comte |         55        0.44       30.22
                   160-Pericles |         55        0.44       30.67
             161-Philip Nichols |         55        0.44       31.11
           162-Pierre Corneille |         55        0.44       31.56
                      163-Plato |         55        0.44       32.00
          164-Pliny the Younger |         55        0.44       32.44
                   165-Plutarch |         55        0.44       32.89
                   166-Proudhon |         55        0.44       33.33
        167-Ralph Waldo Emerson |         55        0.44       33.78
                      168-Ranke |         55        0.44       34.22
                      169-Renan |         55        0.44       34.67
                   17-Augustine |         55        0.44       35.11
             170-Richard Cobden |         55        0.44       35.56
                      171-Rilke |         55        0.44       36.00
            172-Robert Browning |         55        0.44       36.44
               173-Robert Burns |         55        0.44       36.89
                174-Robert Owen |         55        0.44       37.33
                  175-Rodbertus |         55        0.44       37.78
                   176-Rousseau |         55        0.44       38.22
                177-Rudolf Haym |         55        0.44       38.67
                178-SainteBeuve |         55        0.44       39.11
             179-Samuel Johnson |         55        0.44       39.56
                     18-Bakunin |         55        0.44       40.00
                    180-Scheler |         55        0.44       40.44
             181-Schleiermacher |         55        0.44       40.89
                  182-Schmoller |         55        0.44       41.33
               183-Schopenhauer |         55        0.44       41.78
                   184-Schäffle |         55        0.44       42.22
             185-Sigismund Beck |         55        0.44       42.67
                     186-Simmel |         55        0.44       43.11
              187-Simon Newcomb |         55        0.44       43.56
                   188-Sismondi |         55        0.44       44.00
                    189-Sombart |         55        0.44       44.44
      19-Barthold Georg Niebuhr |         55        0.44       44.89
                  190-Sophocles |         55        0.44       45.33
                    191-Spinoza |         55        0.44       45.78
                    192-Tacitus |         55        0.44       46.22
            193-Theodor Fontane |         55        0.44       46.67
              194-Theodor Lipps |         55        0.44       47.11
                195-Thomas Abbt |         55        0.44       47.56
              196-Thomas Browne |         55        0.44       48.00
             197-Thomas Carlyle |         55        0.44       48.44
           198-Thomas Jefferson |         55        0.44       48.89
                199-Thomas Mann |         55        0.44       49.33
                   2-Adam Smith |         55        0.44       49.78
                     20-Bastiat |         55        0.44       50.22
                200-Thomas More |         55        0.44       50.67
                    201-Thoreau |         55        0.44       51.11
                 202-Thucydides |         55        0.44       51.56
                     203-Thünen |         55        0.44       52.00
                204-Tocqueville |         55        0.44       52.44
                205-Victor Hugo |         55        0.44       52.89
                     206-Virgil |         55        0.44       53.33
                   207-Voltaire |         55        0.44       53.78
               208-Walt Whitman |         55        0.44       54.22
             209-Walter Raleigh |         55        0.44       54.67
           21-Benjamin Constant |         55        0.44       55.11
                  210-Wentscher |         55        0.44       55.56
           211-Wilhelm Drobisch |         55        0.44       56.00
            212-Wilhelm Roscher |         55        0.44       56.44
       213-Wilhelm von Humboldt |         55        0.44       56.89
             214-William Caxton |         55        0.44       57.33
             215-William Godwin |         55        0.44       57.78
      216-William Graham Sumner |         55        0.44       58.22
           217-William Harrison |         55        0.44       58.67
             218-William Harvey |         55        0.44       59.11
               219-William Penn |         55        0.44       59.56
           22-Benjamin Franklin |         55        0.44       60.00
              220-William Roper |         55        0.44       60.44
         221-William Wordsworth |         55        0.44       60.89
                 222-Windelband |         55        0.44       61.33
             223-Wollstonecraft |         55        0.44       61.78
                      224-Wundt |         55        0.44       62.22
                  225-de Gouges |         55        0.44       62.67
                     23-Bentham |         55        0.44       63.11
             24-Bernard Bolzano |         55        0.44       63.56
                      25-Bigges |         55        0.44       64.00
                     26-Blanqui |         55        0.44       64.44
                 27-Bruno Bauer |         55        0.44       64.89
            28-Bruno Hildebrand |         55        0.44       65.33
                 29-Carl Stumpf |         55        0.44       65.78
                    3-Aeschylus |         55        0.44       66.22
                     30-Cellini |         55        0.44       66.67
                   31-Cervantes |         55        0.44       67.11
              32-Charles Darwin |         55        0.44       67.56
             33-Charles Fourier |         55        0.44       68.00
                     34-Chaucer |         55        0.44       68.44
         35-Christian Schreiber |         55        0.44       68.89
  36-Christian Wilhelm von Dohm |         55        0.44       69.33
                      37-Cicero |         55        0.44       69.78
                  38-Clausewitz |         55        0.44       70.22
                  39-Copernicus |         55        0.44       70.67
                        4-Aesop |         55        0.44       71.11
             40-Dante Alighieri |         55        0.44       71.56
               41-David Ricardo |         55        0.44       72.00
                   42-Descartes |         55        0.44       72.44
          43-Dietrich Tiedemann |         55        0.44       72.89
                     44-Dilthey |         55        0.44       73.33
                 45-Dostoyevsky |         55        0.44       73.78
                      46-Dryden |         55        0.44       74.22
                    47-Durkheim |         55        0.44       74.67
              48-E T A Hoffmann |         55        0.44       75.11
                  49-Ebbinghaus |         55        0.44       75.56
           5-Alessandro Manzoni |         55        0.44       76.00
                50-Edmund Burke |         55        0.44       76.44
              51-Edmund Spenser |         55        0.44       76.89
               52-Eduard Beneke |         55        0.44       77.33
               53-Eduard Zeller |         55        0.44       77.78
         54-Eduard von Hartmann |         55        0.44       78.22
              55-Edward Bellamy |         55        0.44       78.67
                56-Edward Haies |         55        0.44       79.11
               57-Edward Jenner |         55        0.44       79.56
                   58-Epictetus |         55        0.44       80.00
               59-Eugen Dühring |         55        0.44       80.44
           6-Alexander Hamilton |         55        0.44       80.89
                   60-Euripides |         55        0.44       81.33
                     61-Faraday |         55        0.44       81.78
          62-Ferdinand Lassalle |         55        0.44       82.22
           63-Ferdinand Tönnies |         55        0.44       82.67
                      64-Fichte |         55        0.44       83.11
               65-Francis Bacon |         55        0.44       83.56
              66-Francis Pretty |         55        0.44       84.00
              67-Franz Brentano |         55        0.44       84.44
          68-Frederick Douglass |         55        0.44       84.89
                       69-Frege |         55        0.44       85.33
               7-Alexander Pope |         55        0.44       85.78
               70-Friedrich Ast |         55        0.44       86.22
  71-Friedrich Carl von Savigny |         55        0.44       86.67
   72-Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi |         55        0.44       87.11
            73-Friedrich Krause |         55        0.44       87.56
              74-Friedrich List |         55        0.44       88.00
          75-Friedrich Schiller |         55        0.44       88.44
          76-Friedrich Schlegel |         55        0.44       88.89
              77-Fritz Schultze |         55        0.44       89.33
                   78-Froissart |         55        0.44       89.78
                      79-Goethe |         55        0.44       90.22
                8-Amadeus Wendt |         55        0.44       90.67
    80-Gotthold Ephraim Lessing |         55        0.44       91.11
       81-Gottlob Ernst Schulze |         55        0.44       91.56
              82-Grimmelshausen |         55        0.44       92.00
              83-Gustav Freytag |         55        0.44       92.44
            84-Gustav Schönberg |         55        0.44       92.89
                      85-Hamann |         55        0.44       93.33
     86-Hans Christian Andersen |         55        0.44       93.78
              87-Heinrich Feder |         55        0.44       94.22
                   88-Helmholtz |         55        0.44       94.67
              89-Henry Fielding |         55        0.44       95.11
                9-Ambroise Paré |         55        0.44       95.56
                90-Henry George |         55        0.44       96.00
                     91-Herbart |         55        0.44       96.44
             92-Herbert Spencer |         55        0.44       96.89
                      93-Herder |         55        0.44       97.33
               94-Hermann Cohen |         55        0.44       97.78
               95-Hermann Lotze |         55        0.44       98.22
                   96-Herodotus |         55        0.44       98.67
                 97-Hippocrates |         55        0.44       99.11
             98-Hippolyte Taine |         55        0.44       99.56
                      99-Hobbes |         55        0.44      100.00
--------------------------------+-----------------------------------
                          Total |     12,375      100.00

Panel variable: Name_no (strongly balanced)
 Time variable: Year, 1878 to 1932
         Delta: 1 unit
(225 observations deleted)
(0 observations deleted)
(1,080 observations deleted)
r; t=0.09 9:46:54

. 
end of do-file

r; t=0.10 9:46:54
. help allsynth
r; t=0.14 9:47:13

. do "C:\Users\seven\AppData\Local\Temp\STD1c40_000000.tmp"

. allsynth NewsCite_NetNorm ///
>                 YearofPublication wrote_English wrote_German wrote_French wrote_Greek wrote_Latin wrote_Italian wrote_Spanish `So
> cialist' Political ///
>                 NewsCite_NetNorm(1879(1)1880) NewsCite_NetNorm(1884(1)1886) NewsCite_NetNorm(1890(1)1892) NewsCite_NetNorm(1896(1
> )1898) NewsCite_NetNorm(1902(1)1904) NewsCite_NetNorm(1908(1)1910) NewsCite_NetNorm(1914(1)1916), $convergence ///
>                 trunit($trunit) trperiod(1917) resultsperiod(1879(1)1932) mspeperiod(1879(1)1916) ///
>                 figure replace

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

No bias-correction specified. Proceeding with standard -synth- estimation...

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Synthetic Control Method for Comparative Case Studies
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

First Step: Data Setup
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Data Setup successful
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                Treated Unit: Karl Marx
               Control Units: Abraham Lincoln, Adam Smith, Aeschylus, Aesop, Alessandro Manzoni, Alexander Hamilton, Alexander
                              Pope, Amadeus Wendt, Ambroise Paré, Aquinas, Archibald Geikie, Aristophanes, Aristotle, Arnold Ruge,
                              Auberon Herbert, Auguste Comte, Augustine, Barthold Georg Niebuhr, Bastiat, Benjamin Constant,
                              Benjamin Franklin, Bentham, Bernard Bolzano, Bigges, Bruno Bauer, Carl Stumpf, Cellini, Cervantes,
                              Charles Darwin, Chaucer, Christian Schreiber, Christian Wilhelm von Dohm, Cicero, Clausewitz,
                              Copernicus, Dante Alighieri, David Ricardo, Descartes, Dietrich Tiedemann, Dilthey, Dostoyevsky,
                              Dryden, Durkheim, E T A Hoffmann, Ebbinghaus, Edmund Burke, Edmund Spenser, Eduard Beneke, Eduard
                              Zeller, Eduard von Hartmann, Edward Haies, Edward Jenner, Epictetus, Euripides, Faraday, Ferdinand
                              Tönnies, Fichte, Francis Bacon, Francis Pretty, Franz Brentano, Frederick Douglass, Frege, Friedrich
                              Ast, Friedrich Carl von Savigny, Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi, Friedrich Krause, Friedrich List,
                              Friedrich Schiller, Friedrich Schlegel, Fritz Schultze, Froissart, Goethe, Gotthold Ephraim Lessing,
                              Gottlob Ernst Schulze, Grimmelshausen, Gustav Freytag, Gustav Schönberg, Hamann, Hans Christian
                              Andersen, Heinrich Feder, Helmholtz, Henry Fielding, Herbart, Herbert Spencer, Herder, Hermann Cohen,
                              Hermann Lotze, Herodotus, Hippocrates, Hippolyte Taine, Hobbes, Homer, Hume, Hölderlin, Immanuel
                              Kant, Izaak Walton, James Fitzjames Stephen, James Madison, Jean Racine, John Bunyan, John C Calhoun,
                              John Calvin, John Knox, John Locke, John Milton, John Stuart Mill, John Woolman, Jonathan Swift,
                              Joseph Lister, Kafka, Karl Knies, Kelvin, Kempis, Kuno Fischer, Külpe, Leibniz, Lord Acton, Lord
                              Byron, Ludwig Büchner, Ludwig Feuerbach, Machiavelli, Mainländer, Malory, Malthus, Marcus Aurelius,
                              Marlowe, Martin Luther, Max Stirner, Mazzini, Molière, Montaigne, Montesquieu, Moses Mendelssohn,
                              Nassau Senior, Natorp, Newton, Nietzsche, Oliver Goldsmith, Oliver Wendell Holmes, Otto Liebmann,
                              Otto Pfleiderer, Pasteur, Pedro Calderón de la Barca, Percy Bysshe Shelley, Pericles, Philip Nichols,
                              Pierre Corneille, Plato, Pliny the Younger, Plutarch, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Ranke, Renan, Richard
                              Cobden, Rilke, Robert Browning, Robert Burns, Rousseau, Rudolf Haym, SainteBeuve, Samuel Johnson,
                              Scheler, Schleiermacher, Schmoller, Schopenhauer, Schäffle, Sigismund Beck, Simmel, Simon Newcomb,
                              Sophocles, Spinoza, Tacitus, Theodor Fontane, Theodor Lipps, Thomas Abbt, Thomas Browne, Thomas
                              Jefferson, Thomas Mann, Thomas More, Thoreau, Thucydides, Thünen, Tocqueville, Victor Hugo, Virgil,
                              Voltaire, Walt Whitman, Walter Raleigh, Wentscher, Wilhelm Drobisch, Wilhelm Roscher, Wilhelm von
                              Humboldt, William Caxton, William Godwin, William Graham Sumner, William Harrison, William Harvey,
                              William Penn, William Roper, William Wordsworth, Windelband, Wollstonecraft, Wundt, de Gouges
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
          Dependent Variable: NewsCite_NetNorm
  MSPE minimized for periods: 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898
                              1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916
Results obtained for periods: 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898
                              1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918
                              1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  Predictors: YearofPublication wrote_English wrote_German wrote_French wrote_Greek wrote_Latin wrote_Italian
                              wrote_Spanish Political NewsCite_NetNorm(1879(1)1880) NewsCite_NetNorm(1884(1)1886)
                              NewsCite_NetNorm(1890(1)1892) NewsCite_NetNorm(1896(1)1898) NewsCite_NetNorm(1902(1)1904)
                              NewsCite_NetNorm(1908(1)1910) NewsCite_NetNorm(1914(1)1916)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Unless period is specified
predictors are averaged over: 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898
                              1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Second Step: Run Optimization
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nested optimization requested
Starting nested optimization module
--Break--
r(1); t=26.93 9:49:16

end of do-file

--Break--
r(1); t=26.93 9:49:16

. do "C:\Users\seven\AppData\Local\Temp\STD1c40_000000.tmp"

. allsynth NewsCite_NetNorm ///
>                 YearofPublication wrote_English wrote_German wrote_French wrote_Greek wrote_Latin wrote_Italian wrote_Spanish `So
> cialist' Political ///
>                 NewsCite_NetNorm(1879(1)1880) NewsCite_NetNorm(1884(1)1886) NewsCite_NetNorm(1890(1)1892) NewsCite_NetNorm(1896(1
> )1898) NewsCite_NetNorm(1902(1)1904) NewsCite_NetNorm(1908(1)1910) NewsCite_NetNorm(1914(1)1916), $convergence ///
>                 trunit($trunit) trperiod(1917) resultsperiod(1879(1)1932) mspeperiod(1879(1)1916) ///
>                 figure replace

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

No bias-correction specified. Proceeding with standard -synth- estimation...

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Synthetic Control Method for Comparative Case Studies
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

First Step: Data Setup
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--Break--
r(1); t=3.79 9:49:25

end of do-file

--Break--
r(1); t=3.79 9:49:25

. do "C:\Users\seven\AppData\Local\Temp\STD1c40_000000.tmp"

. allsynth NewsCite_NetNorm ///
>                 YearofPublication wrote_English wrote_German wrote_French wrote_Greek wrote_Latin wrote_Italian wrote_Spanish `So
> cialist' Political ///
>                 NewsCite_NetNorm(1879(1)1880) NewsCite_NetNorm(1884(1)1886) NewsCite_NetNorm(1890(1)1892) NewsCite_NetNorm(1896(1
> )1898) NewsCite_NetNorm(1902(1)1904) NewsCite_NetNorm(1908(1)1910) NewsCite_NetNorm(1914(1)1916),
options trunit() and trperiod() required if option stacked() is not specified
r(198); t=0.22 9:49:41

end of do-file

r(198); t=0.22 9:49:41

. do "C:\Users\seven\AppData\Local\Temp\STD1c40_000000.tmp"

. allsynth NewsCite_NetNorm ///
>                 YearofPublication wrote_English wrote_German wrote_French wrote_Greek wrote_Latin wrote_Italian wrote_Spanish `So
> cialist' Political ///
>                 NewsCite_NetNorm(1879(1)1880) NewsCite_NetNorm(1884(1)1886) NewsCite_NetNorm(1890(1)1892) NewsCite_NetNorm(1896(1
> )1898) NewsCite_NetNorm(1902(1)1904) NewsCite_NetNorm(1908(1)1910) NewsCite_NetNorm(1914(1)1916), ///
>                 trunit($trunit) trperiod(1917) resultsperiod(1879(1)1932) mspeperiod(1879(1)1916) ///
>                 figure replace

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

No bias-correction specified. Proceeding with standard -synth- estimation...

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Synthetic Control Method for Comparative Case Studies
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

First Step: Data Setup
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Data Setup successful
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                Treated Unit: Karl Marx
               Control Units: Abraham Lincoln, Adam Smith, Aeschylus, Aesop, Alessandro Manzoni, Alexander Hamilton, Alexander
                              Pope, Amadeus Wendt, Ambroise Paré, Aquinas, Archibald Geikie, Aristophanes, Aristotle, Arnold Ruge,
                              Auberon Herbert, Auguste Comte, Augustine, Barthold Georg Niebuhr, Bastiat, Benjamin Constant,
                              Benjamin Franklin, Bentham, Bernard Bolzano, Bigges, Bruno Bauer, Carl Stumpf, Cellini, Cervantes,
                              Charles Darwin, Chaucer, Christian Schreiber, Christian Wilhelm von Dohm, Cicero, Clausewitz,
                              Copernicus, Dante Alighieri, David Ricardo, Descartes, Dietrich Tiedemann, Dilthey, Dostoyevsky,
                              Dryden, Durkheim, E T A Hoffmann, Ebbinghaus, Edmund Burke, Edmund Spenser, Eduard Beneke, Eduard
                              Zeller, Eduard von Hartmann, Edward Haies, Edward Jenner, Epictetus, Euripides, Faraday, Ferdinand
                              Tönnies, Fichte, Francis Bacon, Francis Pretty, Franz Brentano, Frederick Douglass, Frege, Friedrich
                              Ast, Friedrich Carl von Savigny, Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi, Friedrich Krause, Friedrich List,
                              Friedrich Schiller, Friedrich Schlegel, Fritz Schultze, Froissart, Goethe, Gotthold Ephraim Lessing,
                              Gottlob Ernst Schulze, Grimmelshausen, Gustav Freytag, Gustav Schönberg, Hamann, Hans Christian
                              Andersen, Heinrich Feder, Helmholtz, Henry Fielding, Herbart, Herbert Spencer, Herder, Hermann Cohen,
                              Hermann Lotze, Herodotus, Hippocrates, Hippolyte Taine, Hobbes, Homer, Hume, Hölderlin, Immanuel
                              Kant, Izaak Walton, James Fitzjames Stephen, James Madison, Jean Racine, John Bunyan, John C Calhoun,
                              John Calvin, John Knox, John Locke, John Milton, John Stuart Mill, John Woolman, Jonathan Swift,
                              Joseph Lister, Kafka, Karl Knies, Kelvin, Kempis, Kuno Fischer, Külpe, Leibniz, Lord Acton, Lord
                              Byron, Ludwig Büchner, Ludwig Feuerbach, Machiavelli, Mainländer, Malory, Malthus, Marcus Aurelius,
                              Marlowe, Martin Luther, Max Stirner, Mazzini, Molière, Montaigne, Montesquieu, Moses Mendelssohn,
                              Nassau Senior, Natorp, Newton, Nietzsche, Oliver Goldsmith, Oliver Wendell Holmes, Otto Liebmann,
                              Otto Pfleiderer, Pasteur, Pedro Calderón de la Barca, Percy Bysshe Shelley, Pericles, Philip Nichols,
                              Pierre Corneille, Plato, Pliny the Younger, Plutarch, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Ranke, Renan, Richard
                              Cobden, Rilke, Robert Browning, Robert Burns, Rousseau, Rudolf Haym, SainteBeuve, Samuel Johnson,
                              Scheler, Schleiermacher, Schmoller, Schopenhauer, Schäffle, Sigismund Beck, Simmel, Simon Newcomb,
                              Sophocles, Spinoza, Tacitus, Theodor Fontane, Theodor Lipps, Thomas Abbt, Thomas Browne, Thomas
                              Jefferson, Thomas Mann, Thomas More, Thoreau, Thucydides, Thünen, Tocqueville, Victor Hugo, Virgil,
                              Voltaire, Walt Whitman, Walter Raleigh, Wentscher, Wilhelm Drobisch, Wilhelm Roscher, Wilhelm von
                              Humboldt, William Caxton, William Godwin, William Graham Sumner, William Harrison, William Harvey,
                              William Penn, William Roper, William Wordsworth, Windelband, Wollstonecraft, Wundt, de Gouges
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
          Dependent Variable: NewsCite_NetNorm
  MSPE minimized for periods: 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898
                              1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916
Results obtained for periods: 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898
                              1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918
                              1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  Predictors: YearofPublication wrote_English wrote_German wrote_French wrote_Greek wrote_Latin wrote_Italian
                              wrote_Spanish Political NewsCite_NetNorm(1879(1)1880) NewsCite_NetNorm(1884(1)1886)
                              NewsCite_NetNorm(1890(1)1892) NewsCite_NetNorm(1896(1)1898) NewsCite_NetNorm(1902(1)1904)
                              NewsCite_NetNorm(1908(1)1910) NewsCite_NetNorm(1914(1)1916)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Unless period is specified
predictors are averaged over: 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898
                              1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Second Step: Run Optimization
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Optimization done
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Third Step: Obtain Results
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Loss: Root Mean Squared Prediction Error

---------------------
   RMSPE |  .0095742 
---------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Unit Weights:

----------------------------------------
                     Co_No | Unit_Weight
---------------------------+------------
           Abraham Lincoln |           0
                Adam Smith |           0
                 Aeschylus |           0
                     Aesop |           0
        Alessandro Manzoni |           0
        Alexander Hamilton |           0
            Alexander Pope |           0
             Amadeus Wendt |           0
             Ambroise Paré |           0
                   Aquinas |           0
          Archibald Geikie |           0
              Aristophanes |           0
                 Aristotle |           0
               Arnold Ruge |           0
           Auberon Herbert |           0
             Auguste Comte |           0
                 Augustine |           0
    Barthold Georg Niebuhr |           0
                   Bastiat |           0
         Benjamin Constant |           0
         Benjamin Franklin |           0
                   Bentham |           0
           Bernard Bolzano |           0
                    Bigges |           0
               Bruno Bauer |           0
               Carl Stumpf |           0
                   Cellini |           0
                 Cervantes |           0
            Charles Darwin |           0
                   Chaucer |           0
       Christian Schreiber |           0
Christian Wilhelm von Dohm |           0
                    Cicero |           0
                Clausewitz |           0
                Copernicus |           0
           Dante Alighieri |           0
             David Ricardo |           0
                 Descartes |           0
        Dietrich Tiedemann |           0
                   Dilthey |           0
               Dostoyevsky |           0
                    Dryden |           0
                  Durkheim |           0
            E T A Hoffmann |           0
                Ebbinghaus |           0
              Edmund Burke |           0
            Edmund Spenser |           0
             Eduard Beneke |           0
             Eduard Zeller |           0
       Eduard von Hartmann |           0
              Edward Haies |           0
             Edward Jenner |           0
                 Epictetus |           0
                 Euripides |           0
                   Faraday |           0
         Ferdinand Tönnies |           0
                    Fichte |           0
             Francis Bacon |           0
            Francis Pretty |           0
            Franz Brentano |           0
        Frederick Douglass |           0
                     Frege |           0
             Friedrich Ast |           0
Friedrich Carl von Savigny |           0
 Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi |           0
          Friedrich Krause |           0
            Friedrich List |           0
        Friedrich Schiller |           0
        Friedrich Schlegel |           0
            Fritz Schultze |           0
                 Froissart |           0
                    Goethe |           0
  Gotthold Ephraim Lessing |           0
     Gottlob Ernst Schulze |           0
            Grimmelshausen |           0
            Gustav Freytag |           0
          Gustav Schönberg |           0
                    Hamann |           0
   Hans Christian Andersen |           0
            Heinrich Feder |           0
                 Helmholtz |        .544
            Henry Fielding |           0
                   Herbart |           0
           Herbert Spencer |           0
                    Herder |           0
             Hermann Cohen |           0
             Hermann Lotze |           0
                 Herodotus |           0
               Hippocrates |           0
           Hippolyte Taine |           0
                    Hobbes |           0
                     Homer |           0
                      Hume |           0
                 Hölderlin |           0
             Immanuel Kant |           0
              Izaak Walton |           0
   James Fitzjames Stephen |           0
             James Madison |           0
               Jean Racine |           0
               John Bunyan |           0
            John C Calhoun |           0
               John Calvin |           0
                 John Knox |           0
                John Locke |           0
               John Milton |           0
          John Stuart Mill |           0
              John Woolman |           0
            Jonathan Swift |           0
             Joseph Lister |           0
                     Kafka |           0
                Karl Knies |           0
                    Kelvin |           0
                    Kempis |           0
              Kuno Fischer |           0
                     Külpe |           0
                   Leibniz |           0
                Lord Acton |           0
                Lord Byron |           0
            Ludwig Büchner |           0
          Ludwig Feuerbach |           0
               Machiavelli |           0
                Mainländer |           0
                    Malory |           0
                   Malthus |           0
           Marcus Aurelius |           0
                   Marlowe |           0
             Martin Luther |           0
               Max Stirner |           0
                   Mazzini |           0
                   Molière |           0
                 Montaigne |           0
               Montesquieu |           0
         Moses Mendelssohn |           0
             Nassau Senior |           0
                    Natorp |           0
                    Newton |           0
                 Nietzsche |        .065
          Oliver Goldsmith |           0
     Oliver Wendell Holmes |           0
             Otto Liebmann |           0
           Otto Pfleiderer |           0
                   Pasteur |        .001
 Pedro Calderón de la Barc |           0
      Percy Bysshe Shelley |           0
                  Pericles |           0
            Philip Nichols |           0
          Pierre Corneille |           0
                     Plato |           0
         Pliny the Younger |           0
                  Plutarch |           0
       Ralph Waldo Emerson |           0
                     Ranke |           0
                     Renan |           0
            Richard Cobden |           0
                     Rilke |           0
           Robert Browning |           0
              Robert Burns |           0
                  Rousseau |           0
               Rudolf Haym |           0
               SainteBeuve |           0
            Samuel Johnson |           0
                   Scheler |           0
            Schleiermacher |           0
                 Schmoller |           0
              Schopenhauer |           0
                  Schäffle |           0
            Sigismund Beck |           0
                    Simmel |           0
             Simon Newcomb |           0
                 Sophocles |           0
                   Spinoza |           0
                   Tacitus |           0
           Theodor Fontane |        .388
             Theodor Lipps |           0
               Thomas Abbt |           0
             Thomas Browne |           0
          Thomas Jefferson |           0
               Thomas Mann |        .002
               Thomas More |           0
                   Thoreau |           0
                Thucydides |           0
                    Thünen |           0
               Tocqueville |           0
               Victor Hugo |           0
                    Virgil |           0
                  Voltaire |           0
              Walt Whitman |           0
            Walter Raleigh |           0
                 Wentscher |           0
          Wilhelm Drobisch |           0
           Wilhelm Roscher |           0
      Wilhelm von Humboldt |           0
            William Caxton |           0
            William Godwin |           0
     William Graham Sumner |           0
          William Harrison |           0
            William Harvey |           0
              William Penn |           0
             William Roper |           0
        William Wordsworth |           0
                Windelband |           0
            Wollstonecraft |           0
                     Wundt |           0
                 de Gouges |           0
----------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Predictor Balance:

------------------------------------------------------
                               |   Treated  Synthetic 
-------------------------------+----------------------
             YearofPublication |  .9801451   .9804135 
                 wrote_English |         0          0 
                  wrote_German |         1       .999 
                  wrote_French |         0       .001 
                   wrote_Greek |         0          0 
                   wrote_Latin |         0          0 
                 wrote_Italian |         0          0 
                 wrote_Spanish |         0          0 
                     Political |         1          0 
 NewsCite_NetNorm(1879(1)1880) |  .0048029   .0096843 
 NewsCite_NetNorm(1884(1)1886) |  .0159688   .0157961 
 NewsCite_NetNorm(1890(1)1892) |  .0293757   .0280761 
 NewsCite_NetNorm(1896(1)1898) |  .0162691   .0170203 
 NewsCite_NetNorm(1902(1)1904) |  .0159717   .0165303 
 NewsCite_NetNorm(1908(1)1910) |  .0212783   .0199598 
 NewsCite_NetNorm(1914(1)1916) |  .0115736   .0109215 
------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--Break--
r(1); t=5.51 9:50:09

end of do-file

--Break--
r(1); t=5.52 9:50:09

. do "C:\Users\seven\AppData\Local\Temp\STD1c40_000000.tmp"

. allsynth NewsCite_NetNorm ///
>                 YearofPublication wrote_English wrote_German wrote_French wrote_Greek wrote_Latin wrote_Italian wrote_Spanish `So
> cialist' Political ///
>                 NewsCite_NetNorm(1879(1)1880) NewsCite_NetNorm(1884(1)1886) NewsCite_NetNorm(1890(1)1892) NewsCite_NetNorm(1896(1
> )1898) NewsCite_NetNorm(1902(1)1904) NewsCite_NetNorm(1908(1)1910) NewsCite_NetNorm(1914(1)1916), 
options trunit() and trperiod() required if option stacked() is not specified
r(198); t=0.24 9:50:12

end of do-file

r(198); t=0.24 9:50:12

. do "C:\Users\seven\AppData\Local\Temp\STD1c40_000000.tmp"

. allsynth NewsCite_NetNorm ///
>                 YearofPublication wrote_English wrote_German wrote_French wrote_Greek wrote_Latin wrote_Italian wrote_Spanish `So
> cialist' Political ///
>                 NewsCite_NetNorm(1879(1)1880) NewsCite_NetNorm(1884(1)1886) NewsCite_NetNorm(1890(1)1892) NewsCite_NetNorm(1896(1
> )1898) NewsCite_NetNorm(1902(1)1904) NewsCite_NetNorm(1908(1)1910) NewsCite_NetNorm(1914(1)1916), ///
>                 trunit($trunit) trperiod(1917) resultsperiod(1879(1)1932) mspeperiod(1879(1)1916) ///
>                 figure replace ///
>                 bcorrect(nosave) 

Identifying donor pool...



Bias-correcting the plain vanilla -synth- estimate for Name_no 121

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Synthetic Control Method for Comparative Case Studies
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

First Step: Data Setup
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Data Setup successful
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                Treated Unit: Karl Marx
               Control Units: Abraham Lincoln, Adam Smith, Aeschylus, Aesop, Alessandro Manzoni, Alexander Hamilton, Alexander
                              Pope, Amadeus Wendt, Ambroise Paré, Aquinas, Archibald Geikie, Aristophanes, Aristotle, Arnold Ruge,
                              Auberon Herbert, Auguste Comte, Augustine, Barthold Georg Niebuhr, Bastiat, Benjamin Constant,
                              Benjamin Franklin, Bentham, Bernard Bolzano, Bigges, Bruno Bauer, Carl Stumpf, Cellini, Cervantes,
                              Charles Darwin, Chaucer, Christian Schreiber, Christian Wilhelm von Dohm, Cicero, Clausewitz,
                              Copernicus, Dante Alighieri, David Ricardo, Descartes, Dietrich Tiedemann, Dilthey, Dostoyevsky,
                              Dryden, Durkheim, E T A Hoffmann, Ebbinghaus, Edmund Burke, Edmund Spenser, Eduard Beneke, Eduard
                              Zeller, Eduard von Hartmann, Edward Haies, Edward Jenner, Epictetus, Euripides, Faraday, Ferdinand
                              Tönnies, Fichte, Francis Bacon, Francis Pretty, Franz Brentano, Frederick Douglass, Frege, Friedrich
                              Ast, Friedrich Carl von Savigny, Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi, Friedrich Krause, Friedrich List,
                              Friedrich Schiller, Friedrich Schlegel, Fritz Schultze, Froissart, Goethe, Gotthold Ephraim Lessing,
                              Gottlob Ernst Schulze, Grimmelshausen, Gustav Freytag, Gustav Schönberg, Hamann, Hans Christian
                              Andersen, Heinrich Feder, Helmholtz, Henry Fielding, Herbart, Herbert Spencer, Herder, Hermann Cohen,
                              Hermann Lotze, Herodotus, Hippocrates, Hippolyte Taine, Hobbes, Homer, Hume, Hölderlin, Immanuel
                              Kant, Izaak Walton, James Fitzjames Stephen, James Madison, Jean Racine, John Bunyan, John C Calhoun,
                              John Calvin, John Knox, John Locke, John Milton, John Stuart Mill, John Woolman, Jonathan Swift,
                              Joseph Lister, Kafka, Karl Knies, Kelvin, Kempis, Kuno Fischer, Külpe, Leibniz, Lord Acton, Lord
                              Byron, Ludwig Büchner, Ludwig Feuerbach, Machiavelli, Mainländer, Malory, Malthus, Marcus Aurelius,
                              Marlowe, Martin Luther, Max Stirner, Mazzini, Molière, Montaigne, Montesquieu, Moses Mendelssohn,
                              Nassau Senior, Natorp, Newton, Nietzsche, Oliver Goldsmith, Oliver Wendell Holmes, Otto Liebmann,
                              Otto Pfleiderer, Pasteur, Pedro Calderón de la Barca, Percy Bysshe Shelley, Pericles, Philip Nichols,
                              Pierre Corneille, Plato, Pliny the Younger, Plutarch, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Ranke, Renan, Richard
                              Cobden, Rilke, Robert Browning, Robert Burns, Rousseau, Rudolf Haym, SainteBeuve, Samuel Johnson,
                              Scheler, Schleiermacher, Schmoller, Schopenhauer, Schäffle, Sigismund Beck, Simmel, Simon Newcomb,
                              Sophocles, Spinoza, Tacitus, Theodor Fontane, Theodor Lipps, Thomas Abbt, Thomas Browne, Thomas
                              Jefferson, Thomas Mann, Thomas More, Thoreau, Thucydides, Thünen, Tocqueville, Victor Hugo, Virgil,
                              Voltaire, Walt Whitman, Walter Raleigh, Wentscher, Wilhelm Drobisch, Wilhelm Roscher, Wilhelm von
                              Humboldt, William Caxton, William Godwin, William Graham Sumner, William Harrison, William Harvey,
                              William Penn, William Roper, William Wordsworth, Windelband, Wollstonecraft, Wundt, de Gouges
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
          Dependent Variable: NewsCite_NetNorm
  MSPE minimized for periods: 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898
                              1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916
Results obtained for periods: 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898
                              1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918
                              1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  Predictors: YearofPublication wrote_English wrote_German wrote_French wrote_Greek wrote_Latin wrote_Italian
                              wrote_Spanish Political NewsCite_NetNorm(1879(1)1880) NewsCite_NetNorm(1884(1)1886)
                              NewsCite_NetNorm(1890(1)1892) NewsCite_NetNorm(1896(1)1898) NewsCite_NetNorm(1902(1)1904)
                              NewsCite_NetNorm(1908(1)1910) NewsCite_NetNorm(1914(1)1916)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Unless period is specified
predictors are averaged over: 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898
                              1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Second Step: Run Optimization
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Optimization done
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Third Step: Obtain Results
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Loss: Root Mean Squared Prediction Error

---------------------
   RMSPE |  .0095742 
---------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Unit Weights:

----------------------------------------
                     Co_No | Unit_Weight
---------------------------+------------
           Abraham Lincoln |           0
                Adam Smith |           0
                 Aeschylus |           0
                     Aesop |           0
        Alessandro Manzoni |           0
        Alexander Hamilton |           0
            Alexander Pope |           0
             Amadeus Wendt |           0
             Ambroise Paré |           0
                   Aquinas |           0
          Archibald Geikie |           0
              Aristophanes |           0
                 Aristotle |           0
               Arnold Ruge |           0
           Auberon Herbert |           0
             Auguste Comte |           0
                 Augustine |           0
    Barthold Georg Niebuhr |           0
                   Bastiat |           0
         Benjamin Constant |           0
         Benjamin Franklin |           0
                   Bentham |           0
           Bernard Bolzano |           0
                    Bigges |           0
               Bruno Bauer |           0
               Carl Stumpf |           0
                   Cellini |           0
                 Cervantes |           0
            Charles Darwin |           0
                   Chaucer |           0
       Christian Schreiber |           0
Christian Wilhelm von Dohm |           0
                    Cicero |           0
                Clausewitz |           0
                Copernicus |           0
           Dante Alighieri |           0
             David Ricardo |           0
                 Descartes |           0
        Dietrich Tiedemann |           0
                   Dilthey |           0
               Dostoyevsky |           0
                    Dryden |           0
                  Durkheim |           0
            E T A Hoffmann |           0
                Ebbinghaus |           0
              Edmund Burke |           0
            Edmund Spenser |           0
             Eduard Beneke |           0
             Eduard Zeller |           0
       Eduard von Hartmann |           0
              Edward Haies |           0
             Edward Jenner |           0
                 Epictetus |           0
                 Euripides |           0
                   Faraday |           0
         Ferdinand Tönnies |           0
                    Fichte |           0
             Francis Bacon |           0
            Francis Pretty |           0
            Franz Brentano |           0
        Frederick Douglass |           0
                     Frege |           0
             Friedrich Ast |           0
Friedrich Carl von Savigny |           0
 Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi |           0
          Friedrich Krause |           0
            Friedrich List |           0
        Friedrich Schiller |           0
        Friedrich Schlegel |           0
            Fritz Schultze |           0
                 Froissart |           0
                    Goethe |           0
  Gotthold Ephraim Lessing |           0
     Gottlob Ernst Schulze |           0
            Grimmelshausen |           0
            Gustav Freytag |           0
          Gustav Schönberg |           0
                    Hamann |           0
   Hans Christian Andersen |           0
            Heinrich Feder |           0
                 Helmholtz |        .544
            Henry Fielding |           0
                   Herbart |           0
           Herbert Spencer |           0
                    Herder |           0
             Hermann Cohen |           0
             Hermann Lotze |           0
                 Herodotus |           0
               Hippocrates |           0
           Hippolyte Taine |           0
                    Hobbes |           0
                     Homer |           0
                      Hume |           0
                 Hölderlin |           0
             Immanuel Kant |           0
              Izaak Walton |           0
   James Fitzjames Stephen |           0
             James Madison |           0
               Jean Racine |           0
               John Bunyan |           0
            John C Calhoun |           0
               John Calvin |           0
                 John Knox |           0
                John Locke |           0
               John Milton |           0
          John Stuart Mill |           0
              John Woolman |           0
            Jonathan Swift |           0
             Joseph Lister |           0
                     Kafka |           0
                Karl Knies |           0
                    Kelvin |           0
                    Kempis |           0
              Kuno Fischer |           0
                     Külpe |           0
                   Leibniz |           0
                Lord Acton |           0
                Lord Byron |           0
            Ludwig Büchner |           0
          Ludwig Feuerbach |           0
               Machiavelli |           0
                Mainländer |           0
                    Malory |           0
                   Malthus |           0
           Marcus Aurelius |           0
                   Marlowe |           0
             Martin Luther |           0
               Max Stirner |           0
                   Mazzini |           0
                   Molière |           0
                 Montaigne |           0
               Montesquieu |           0
         Moses Mendelssohn |           0
             Nassau Senior |           0
                    Natorp |           0
                    Newton |           0
                 Nietzsche |        .065
          Oliver Goldsmith |           0
     Oliver Wendell Holmes |           0
             Otto Liebmann |           0
           Otto Pfleiderer |           0
                   Pasteur |        .001
 Pedro Calderón de la Barc |           0
      Percy Bysshe Shelley |           0
                  Pericles |           0
            Philip Nichols |           0
          Pierre Corneille |           0
                     Plato |           0
         Pliny the Younger |           0
                  Plutarch |           0
       Ralph Waldo Emerson |           0
                     Ranke |           0
                     Renan |           0
            Richard Cobden |           0
                     Rilke |           0
           Robert Browning |           0
              Robert Burns |           0
                  Rousseau |           0
               Rudolf Haym |           0
               SainteBeuve |           0
            Samuel Johnson |           0
                   Scheler |           0
            Schleiermacher |           0
                 Schmoller |           0
              Schopenhauer |           0
                  Schäffle |           0
            Sigismund Beck |           0
                    Simmel |           0
             Simon Newcomb |           0
                 Sophocles |           0
                   Spinoza |           0
                   Tacitus |           0
           Theodor Fontane |        .388
             Theodor Lipps |           0
               Thomas Abbt |           0
             Thomas Browne |           0
          Thomas Jefferson |           0
               Thomas Mann |        .002
               Thomas More |           0
                   Thoreau |           0
                Thucydides |           0
                    Thünen |           0
               Tocqueville |           0
               Victor Hugo |           0
                    Virgil |           0
                  Voltaire |           0
              Walt Whitman |           0
            Walter Raleigh |           0
                 Wentscher |           0
          Wilhelm Drobisch |           0
           Wilhelm Roscher |           0
      Wilhelm von Humboldt |           0
            William Caxton |           0
            William Godwin |           0
     William Graham Sumner |           0
          William Harrison |           0
            William Harvey |           0
              William Penn |           0
             William Roper |           0
        William Wordsworth |           0
                Windelband |           0
            Wollstonecraft |           0
                     Wundt |           0
                 de Gouges |           0
----------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Predictor Balance:

------------------------------------------------------
                               |   Treated  Synthetic 
-------------------------------+----------------------
             YearofPublication |  .9801451   .9804135 
                 wrote_English |         0          0 
                  wrote_German |         1       .999 
                  wrote_French |         0       .001 
                   wrote_Greek |         0          0 
                   wrote_Latin |         0          0 
                 wrote_Italian |         0          0 
                 wrote_Spanish |         0          0 
                     Political |         1          0 
 NewsCite_NetNorm(1879(1)1880) |  .0048029   .0096843 
 NewsCite_NetNorm(1884(1)1886) |  .0159688   .0157961 
 NewsCite_NetNorm(1890(1)1892) |  .0293757   .0280761 
 NewsCite_NetNorm(1896(1)1898) |  .0162691   .0170203 
 NewsCite_NetNorm(1902(1)1904) |  .0159717   .0165303 
 NewsCite_NetNorm(1908(1)1910) |  .0212783   .0199598 
 NewsCite_NetNorm(1914(1)1916) |  .0115736   .0109215 
------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Saving results...
(0 observations deleted)

Treated unit (Name_no == 121) results:


     +---------------------------------------------------+
     | Name_no   Year         gap      gap_bc   unique_W |
     |---------------------------------------------------|
  1. |     121   1879   -.0043701    .0016079          1 |
  2. |     121   1880   -.0053927   -.0016079          1 |
  3. |     121   1881   -.0045106   -.0005546          1 |
  4. |     121   1882   -.0043602   -.0004395          1 |
  5. |     121   1883    .0131605    .0127886          1 |
     |---------------------------------------------------|
  6. |     121   1884    .0013828     .000114          1 |
  7. |     121   1885    .0042995    .0064984          1 |
  8. |     121   1886   -.0051642   -.0066123          1 |
  9. |     121   1887   -.0061936   -.0065097          1 |
 10. |     121   1888   -.0022918   -.0011457          1 |
     |---------------------------------------------------|
 11. |     121   1889    .0036328    .0025595          1 |
 12. |     121   1890     .011757    .0105211          1 |
 13. |     121   1891     .007326    .0064102          1 |
 14. |     121   1892   -.0151843   -.0169312          1 |
 15. |     121   1893    .0058837    .0071271          1 |
     |---------------------------------------------------|
 16. |     121   1894   -.0454572   -.0459589          1 |
 17. |     121   1895    .0006257    .0011287          1 |
 18. |     121   1896    -.003503   -.0031931          1 |
 19. |     121   1897    .0035393    .0041142          1 |
 20. |     121   1898   -.0022899   -.0009211          1 |
     |---------------------------------------------------|
 21. |     121   1899   -.0114739    -.012627          1 |
 22. |     121   1900    -.008602   -.0089092          1 |
 23. |     121   1901   -.0038769   -.0050812          1 |
 24. |     121   1902   -.0026313   -.0018461          1 |
 25. |     121   1903   -.0049022    -.003989          1 |
     |---------------------------------------------------|
 26. |     121   1904    .0058576     .005835          1 |
 27. |     121   1905   -.0025366   -.0029638          1 |
 28. |     121   1906     .004744      .00438          1 |
 29. |     121   1907   -.0023453   -.0021033          1 |
 30. |     121   1908   -.0025272   -.0032268          1 |
     |---------------------------------------------------|
 31. |     121   1909    .0045505    .0036461          1 |
 32. |     121   1910    .0019322   -.0004193          1 |
 33. |     121   1911     .010989    .0099318          1 |
 34. |     121   1912    .0053735    .0045959          1 |
 35. |     121   1913    .0065796    .0050403          1 |
     |---------------------------------------------------|
 36. |     121   1914   -.0027386   -.0024774          1 |
 37. |     121   1915    .0020877    .0006852          1 |
 38. |     121   1916    .0026073    .0017923          1 |
 39. |     121   1917    .0038735    .0035553          1 |
 40. |     121   1918    .0146174    .0155716          1 |
     |---------------------------------------------------|
 41. |     121   1919    .0274556    .0277933          1 |
 42. |     121   1920    .0280428    .0276327          1 |
 43. |     121   1921    .0169963    .0147294          1 |
 44. |     121   1922     .011332    .0101384          1 |
 45. |     121   1923    .0134418    .0119345          1 |
     |---------------------------------------------------|
 46. |     121   1924    .0200363    .0186881          1 |
 47. |     121   1925    .0093974    .0077282          1 |
 48. |     121   1926    .0104477    .0087502          1 |
 49. |     121   1927     .014894    .0133003          1 |
 50. |     121   1928    .0302647     .028398          1 |
     |---------------------------------------------------|
 51. |     121   1929    .0213974    .0222493          1 |
 52. |     121   1930      .02848    .0288065          1 |
 53. |     121   1931    .0384444    .0378598          1 |
 54. |     121   1932    .0421983    .0393093          1 |
     +---------------------------------------------------+

________________________________

allsynth is a user-written command made freely-available to the research community. Please cite the paper:

Wiltshire, Justin C., 2022.  allsynth: (Stacked) Synthetic Control Bias-Correction Utilities for Stata. Working paper.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
r; t=13.13 9:50:36

. 
end of do-file

r; t=13.14 9:50:36
. do "C:\Users\seven\AppData\Local\Temp\STD1c40_000000.tmp"

. allsynth NewsCite_NetNorm ///
>                 YearofPublication wrote_English wrote_German wrote_French wrote_Greek wrote_Latin wrote_Italian wrote_Spanish `So
> cialist' Political ///
>                 NewsCite_NetNorm(1879(1)1880) NewsCite_NetNorm(1884(1)1886) NewsCite_NetNorm(1890(1)1892) NewsCite_NetNorm(1896(1
> )1898) NewsCite_NetNorm(1902(1)1904) NewsCite_NetNorm(1908(1)1910) NewsCite_NetNorm(1914(1)1916), ///
>                 trunit($trunit) trperiod(1917) resultsperiod(1879(1)1932) mspeperiod(1879(1)1916) ///
>                 figure replace ///
>                 bcorrect(nosave) $convergence

Identifying donor pool...



Bias-correcting the plain vanilla -synth- estimate for Name_no 121

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Synthetic Control Method for Comparative Case Studies
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

First Step: Data Setup
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Data Setup successful
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                Treated Unit: Karl Marx
               Control Units: Abraham Lincoln, Adam Smith, Aeschylus, Aesop, Alessandro Manzoni, Alexander Hamilton, Alexander
                              Pope, Amadeus Wendt, Ambroise Paré, Aquinas, Archibald Geikie, Aristophanes, Aristotle, Arnold Ruge,
                              Auberon Herbert, Auguste Comte, Augustine, Barthold Georg Niebuhr, Bastiat, Benjamin Constant,
                              Benjamin Franklin, Bentham, Bernard Bolzano, Bigges, Bruno Bauer, Carl Stumpf, Cellini, Cervantes,
                              Charles Darwin, Chaucer, Christian Schreiber, Christian Wilhelm von Dohm, Cicero, Clausewitz,
                              Copernicus, Dante Alighieri, David Ricardo, Descartes, Dietrich Tiedemann, Dilthey, Dostoyevsky,
                              Dryden, Durkheim, E T A Hoffmann, Ebbinghaus, Edmund Burke, Edmund Spenser, Eduard Beneke, Eduard
                              Zeller, Eduard von Hartmann, Edward Haies, Edward Jenner, Epictetus, Euripides, Faraday, Ferdinand
                              Tönnies, Fichte, Francis Bacon, Francis Pretty, Franz Brentano, Frederick Douglass, Frege, Friedrich
                              Ast, Friedrich Carl von Savigny, Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi, Friedrich Krause, Friedrich List,
                              Friedrich Schiller, Friedrich Schlegel, Fritz Schultze, Froissart, Goethe, Gotthold Ephraim Lessing,
                              Gottlob Ernst Schulze, Grimmelshausen, Gustav Freytag, Gustav Schönberg, Hamann, Hans Christian
                              Andersen, Heinrich Feder, Helmholtz, Henry Fielding, Herbart, Herbert Spencer, Herder, Hermann Cohen,
                              Hermann Lotze, Herodotus, Hippocrates, Hippolyte Taine, Hobbes, Homer, Hume, Hölderlin, Immanuel
                              Kant, Izaak Walton, James Fitzjames Stephen, James Madison, Jean Racine, John Bunyan, John C Calhoun,
                              John Calvin, John Knox, John Locke, John Milton, John Stuart Mill, John Woolman, Jonathan Swift,
                              Joseph Lister, Kafka, Karl Knies, Kelvin, Kempis, Kuno Fischer, Külpe, Leibniz, Lord Acton, Lord
                              Byron, Ludwig Büchner, Ludwig Feuerbach, Machiavelli, Mainländer, Malory, Malthus, Marcus Aurelius,
                              Marlowe, Martin Luther, Max Stirner, Mazzini, Molière, Montaigne, Montesquieu, Moses Mendelssohn,
                              Nassau Senior, Natorp, Newton, Nietzsche, Oliver Goldsmith, Oliver Wendell Holmes, Otto Liebmann,
                              Otto Pfleiderer, Pasteur, Pedro Calderón de la Barca, Percy Bysshe Shelley, Pericles, Philip Nichols,
                              Pierre Corneille, Plato, Pliny the Younger, Plutarch, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Ranke, Renan, Richard
                              Cobden, Rilke, Robert Browning, Robert Burns, Rousseau, Rudolf Haym, SainteBeuve, Samuel Johnson,
                              Scheler, Schleiermacher, Schmoller, Schopenhauer, Schäffle, Sigismund Beck, Simmel, Simon Newcomb,
                              Sophocles, Spinoza, Tacitus, Theodor Fontane, Theodor Lipps, Thomas Abbt, Thomas Browne, Thomas
                              Jefferson, Thomas Mann, Thomas More, Thoreau, Thucydides, Thünen, Tocqueville, Victor Hugo, Virgil,
                              Voltaire, Walt Whitman, Walter Raleigh, Wentscher, Wilhelm Drobisch, Wilhelm Roscher, Wilhelm von
                              Humboldt, William Caxton, William Godwin, William Graham Sumner, William Harrison, William Harvey,
                              William Penn, William Roper, William Wordsworth, Windelband, Wollstonecraft, Wundt, de Gouges
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
          Dependent Variable: NewsCite_NetNorm
  MSPE minimized for periods: 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898
                              1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916
Results obtained for periods: 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898
                              1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918
                              1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  Predictors: YearofPublication wrote_English wrote_German wrote_French wrote_Greek wrote_Latin wrote_Italian
                              wrote_Spanish Political NewsCite_NetNorm(1879(1)1880) NewsCite_NetNorm(1884(1)1886)
                              NewsCite_NetNorm(1890(1)1892) NewsCite_NetNorm(1896(1)1898) NewsCite_NetNorm(1902(1)1904)
                              NewsCite_NetNorm(1908(1)1910) NewsCite_NetNorm(1914(1)1916)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Unless period is specified
predictors are averaged over: 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898
                              1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Second Step: Run Optimization
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nested optimization requested
Starting nested optimization module
Optimization done
Allopt requested. This may take a while
Restarting nested optimization module (search method)
done
Restarting nested optimization module (equal method)
done
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Optimization done
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Third Step: Obtain Results
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Loss: Root Mean Squared Prediction Error

---------------------
   RMSPE |  .0071054 
---------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Unit Weights:

----------------------------------------
                     Co_No | Unit_Weight
---------------------------+------------
           Abraham Lincoln |           0
                Adam Smith |           0
                 Aeschylus |           0
                     Aesop |           0
        Alessandro Manzoni |           0
        Alexander Hamilton |           0
            Alexander Pope |           0
             Amadeus Wendt |           0
             Ambroise Paré |           0
                   Aquinas |           0
          Archibald Geikie |           0
              Aristophanes |           0
                 Aristotle |           0
               Arnold Ruge |           0
           Auberon Herbert |           0
             Auguste Comte |           0
                 Augustine |           0
    Barthold Georg Niebuhr |           0
                   Bastiat |           0
         Benjamin Constant |           0
         Benjamin Franklin |           0
                   Bentham |           0
           Bernard Bolzano |           0
                    Bigges |           0
               Bruno Bauer |           0
               Carl Stumpf |           0
                   Cellini |           0
                 Cervantes |           0
            Charles Darwin |           0
                   Chaucer |           0
       Christian Schreiber |           0
Christian Wilhelm von Dohm |           0
                    Cicero |           0
                Clausewitz |           0
                Copernicus |           0
           Dante Alighieri |           0
             David Ricardo |           0
                 Descartes |           0
        Dietrich Tiedemann |           0
                   Dilthey |           0
               Dostoyevsky |           0
                    Dryden |           0
                  Durkheim |           0
            E T A Hoffmann |           0
                Ebbinghaus |           0
              Edmund Burke |           0
            Edmund Spenser |           0
             Eduard Beneke |           0
             Eduard Zeller |        .048
       Eduard von Hartmann |           0
              Edward Haies |           0
             Edward Jenner |           0
                 Epictetus |           0
                 Euripides |           0
                   Faraday |           0
         Ferdinand Tönnies |           0
                    Fichte |           0
             Francis Bacon |           0
            Francis Pretty |           0
            Franz Brentano |           0
        Frederick Douglass |           0
                     Frege |           0
             Friedrich Ast |           0
Friedrich Carl von Savigny |           0
 Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi |           0
          Friedrich Krause |           0
            Friedrich List |           0
        Friedrich Schiller |           0
        Friedrich Schlegel |           0
            Fritz Schultze |           0
                 Froissart |           0
                    Goethe |           0
  Gotthold Ephraim Lessing |           0
     Gottlob Ernst Schulze |           0
            Grimmelshausen |           0
            Gustav Freytag |           0
          Gustav Schönberg |           0
                    Hamann |           0
   Hans Christian Andersen |           0
            Heinrich Feder |           0
                 Helmholtz |        .226
            Henry Fielding |           0
                   Herbart |           0
           Herbert Spencer |           0
                    Herder |           0
             Hermann Cohen |           0
             Hermann Lotze |           0
                 Herodotus |           0
               Hippocrates |           0
           Hippolyte Taine |           0
                    Hobbes |           0
                     Homer |           0
                      Hume |           0
                 Hölderlin |           0
             Immanuel Kant |           0
              Izaak Walton |           0
   James Fitzjames Stephen |           0
             James Madison |           0
               Jean Racine |           0
               John Bunyan |           0
            John C Calhoun |           0
               John Calvin |           0
                 John Knox |           0
                John Locke |           0
               John Milton |           0
          John Stuart Mill |           0
              John Woolman |           0
            Jonathan Swift |           0
             Joseph Lister |           0
                     Kafka |           0
                Karl Knies |           0
                    Kelvin |           0
                    Kempis |           0
              Kuno Fischer |           0
                     Külpe |           0
                   Leibniz |           0
                Lord Acton |           0
                Lord Byron |           0
            Ludwig Büchner |           0
          Ludwig Feuerbach |           0
               Machiavelli |           0
                Mainländer |           0
                    Malory |           0
                   Malthus |           0
           Marcus Aurelius |           0
                   Marlowe |           0
             Martin Luther |        .036
               Max Stirner |           0
                   Mazzini |           0
                   Molière |           0
                 Montaigne |           0
               Montesquieu |           0
         Moses Mendelssohn |           0
             Nassau Senior |           0
                    Natorp |           0
                    Newton |           0
                 Nietzsche |        .079
          Oliver Goldsmith |           0
     Oliver Wendell Holmes |           0
             Otto Liebmann |           0
           Otto Pfleiderer |           0
                   Pasteur |        .052
 Pedro Calderón de la Barc |           0
      Percy Bysshe Shelley |           0
                  Pericles |           0
            Philip Nichols |           0
          Pierre Corneille |           0
                     Plato |           0
         Pliny the Younger |           0
                  Plutarch |           0
       Ralph Waldo Emerson |           0
                     Ranke |           0
                     Renan |           0
            Richard Cobden |           0
                     Rilke |        .017
           Robert Browning |           0
              Robert Burns |           0
                  Rousseau |           0
               Rudolf Haym |           0
               SainteBeuve |           0
            Samuel Johnson |           0
                   Scheler |           0
            Schleiermacher |           0
                 Schmoller |           0
              Schopenhauer |           0
                  Schäffle |           0
            Sigismund Beck |           0
                    Simmel |           0
             Simon Newcomb |           0
                 Sophocles |           0
                   Spinoza |           0
                   Tacitus |           0
           Theodor Fontane |        .385
             Theodor Lipps |           0
               Thomas Abbt |           0
             Thomas Browne |           0
          Thomas Jefferson |           0
               Thomas Mann |        .157
               Thomas More |           0
                   Thoreau |           0
                Thucydides |           0
                    Thünen |           0
               Tocqueville |           0
               Victor Hugo |           0
                    Virgil |           0
                  Voltaire |           0
              Walt Whitman |           0
            Walter Raleigh |           0
                 Wentscher |           0
          Wilhelm Drobisch |           0
           Wilhelm Roscher |           0
      Wilhelm von Humboldt |           0
            William Caxton |           0
            William Godwin |           0
     William Graham Sumner |           0
          William Harrison |           0
            William Harvey |           0
              William Penn |           0
             William Roper |           0
        William Wordsworth |           0
                Windelband |           0
            Wollstonecraft |           0
                     Wundt |           0
                 de Gouges |           0
----------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Predictor Balance:

------------------------------------------------------
                               |   Treated  Synthetic 
-------------------------------+----------------------
             YearofPublication |  .9801451   .9799359 
                 wrote_English |         0          0 
                  wrote_German |         1       .948 
                  wrote_French |         0       .052 
                   wrote_Greek |         0          0 
                   wrote_Latin |         0          0 
                 wrote_Italian |         0          0 
                 wrote_Spanish |         0          0 
                     Political |         1          0 
 NewsCite_NetNorm(1879(1)1880) |  .0048029   .0071348 
 NewsCite_NetNorm(1884(1)1886) |  .0159688   .0153137 
 NewsCite_NetNorm(1890(1)1892) |  .0293757   .0186502 
 NewsCite_NetNorm(1896(1)1898) |  .0162691   .0162378 
 NewsCite_NetNorm(1902(1)1904) |  .0159717   .0160503 
 NewsCite_NetNorm(1908(1)1910) |  .0212783   .0212323 
 NewsCite_NetNorm(1914(1)1916) |  .0115736   .0114618 
------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Saving results...
(0 observations deleted)

Treated unit (Name_no == 121) results:


     +---------------------------------------------------+
     | Name_no   Year         gap      gap_bc   unique_W |
     |---------------------------------------------------|
  1. |     121   1879   -.0017708    .0021407          1 |
  2. |     121   1880    -.002893   -.0021407          1 |
  3. |     121   1881    .0001871   -.0006932          1 |
  4. |     121   1882   -.0018839   -.0003019          1 |
  5. |     121   1883    .0082639    -.000502          1 |
     |---------------------------------------------------|
  6. |     121   1884    .0028997   -.0013072          1 |
  7. |     121   1885    .0048837    .0085294          1 |
  8. |     121   1886   -.0058181   -.0072223          1 |
  9. |     121   1887   -.0037659   -.0089885          1 |
 10. |     121   1888    .0010739   -.0028494          1 |
     |---------------------------------------------------|
 11. |     121   1889    .0051263   -.0019187          1 |
 12. |     121   1890    .0153189    .0068068          1 |
 13. |     121   1891    .0235946    .0103106          1 |
 14. |     121   1892   -.0067369   -.0171174          1 |
 15. |     121   1893    .0133563    .0061982          1 |
     |---------------------------------------------------|
 16. |     121   1894   -.0199715   -.0305125          1 |
 17. |     121   1895    .0040515    .0010766          1 |
 18. |     121   1896   -.0015039   -.0023675          1 |
 19. |     121   1897    .0030546    .0040674          1 |
 20. |     121   1898   -.0014566   -.0016999          1 |
     |---------------------------------------------------|
 21. |     121   1899   -.0065566   -.0167271          1 |
 22. |     121   1900   -.0066049   -.0087682          1 |
 23. |     121   1901    .0008482   -.0055454          1 |
 24. |     121   1902   -.0025677   -.0011174          1 |
 25. |     121   1903   -.0015727   -.0023536          1 |
     |---------------------------------------------------|
 26. |     121   1904    .0039045     .003471          1 |
 27. |     121   1905   -.0020189   -.0024526          1 |
 28. |     121   1906    .0052824    .0036338          1 |
 29. |     121   1907   -.0042567   -.0046578          1 |
 30. |     121   1908   -.0025667   -.0020279          1 |
     |---------------------------------------------------|
 31. |     121   1909     .000675    .0023078          1 |
 32. |     121   1910    .0020297   -.0002798          1 |
 33. |     121   1911    .0082866    .0077617          1 |
 34. |     121   1912    .0027153    .0023699          1 |
 35. |     121   1913    .0043551    .0042673          1 |
     |---------------------------------------------------|
 36. |     121   1914   -.0030686   -.0028914          1 |
 37. |     121   1915    .0013948    .0010568          1 |
 38. |     121   1916    .0020095    .0018346          1 |
 39. |     121   1917    .0025184    .0020621          1 |
 40. |     121   1918    .0140915    .0146502          1 |
     |---------------------------------------------------|
 41. |     121   1919    .0258781    .0251782          1 |
 42. |     121   1920    .0266753    .0248973          1 |
 43. |     121   1921    .0167195    .0138767          1 |
 44. |     121   1922    .0103442    .0080255          1 |
 45. |     121   1923    .0107209    .0089886          1 |
     |---------------------------------------------------|
 46. |     121   1924    .0157059    .0155286          1 |
 47. |     121   1925    .0033989    .0029433          1 |
 48. |     121   1926   -.0004624    2.83e-06          1 |
 49. |     121   1927    .0061033    .0059075          1 |
 50. |     121   1928    .0240678    .0208189          1 |
     |---------------------------------------------------|
 51. |     121   1929    .0086766    .0072137          1 |
 52. |     121   1930    .0189377    .0179023          1 |
 53. |     121   1931    .0359662    .0309507          1 |
 54. |     121   1932     .039557    .0233117          1 |
     +---------------------------------------------------+

________________________________

allsynth is a user-written command made freely-available to the research community. Please cite the paper:

Wiltshire, Justin C., 2022.  allsynth: (Stacked) Synthetic Control Bias-Correction Utilities for Stata. Working paper.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
r; t=585.90 10:00:32

. 
end of do-file

r; t=585.90 10:00:32
.  allsynth cigsale beer retprice cigsale(1980), trunit(3) trperiod(1989)
Year of treatment is not found in timevar. Check trperiod()
r(198); t=0.45 10:10:20

. clear
r; t=0.00 10:10:28

. sysuse synth_smoking
file "synth_smoking.dta" not found
r(601); t=0.01 10:10:35

. use synth_smoking
file synth_smoking.dta not found
r(601); t=0.00 10:10:38

. do "C:\Users\seven\AppData\Local\Temp\STD1c40_000000.tmp"

. allsynth NewsCite_NetNorm ///
>                 YearofPublication wrote_English wrote_German wrote_French wrote_Greek wrote_Latin wrote_Italian wrote_Spanish `So
> cialist' Political ///
>                 NewsCite_NetNorm(1879(1)1880) NewsCite_NetNorm(1884(1)1886) NewsCite_NetNorm(1890(1)1892) NewsCite_NetNorm(1896(1
> )1898) NewsCite_NetNorm(1902(1)1904) NewsCite_NetNorm(1908(1)1910) NewsCite_NetNorm(1914(1)1916), $convergence ///
>                 trunit($trunit) trperiod(1917) resultsperiod(1879(1)1932) mspeperiod(1879(1)1916) ///
>                 bcorrect(nosave) pvalues 
time variable not set, use tsset varname ...
r(111); t=0.01 10:44:41

end of do-file

r(111); t=0.01 10:44:41

. do "C:\Users\seven\AppData\Local\Temp\STD1c40_000000.tmp"

. clear 
r; t=0.00 10:44:56

. LoadData 

                   Name_no_Name |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
--------------------------------+-----------------------------------
              1-Abraham Lincoln |         55        0.44        0.44
                     10-Aquinas |         55        0.44        0.89
                      100-Homer |         55        0.44        1.33
                       101-Hume |         55        0.44        1.78
                  102-Hölderlin |         55        0.44        2.22
              103-Immanuel Kant |         55        0.44        2.67
               104-Izaak Walton |         55        0.44        3.11
    105-James Fitzjames Stephen |         55        0.44        3.56
              106-James Madison |         55        0.44        4.00
                107-Jean Racine |         55        0.44        4.44
                108-John Bunyan |         55        0.44        4.89
             109-John C Calhoun |         55        0.44        5.33
            11-Archibald Geikie |         55        0.44        5.78
                110-John Calvin |         55        0.44        6.22
                  111-John Knox |         55        0.44        6.67
                 112-John Locke |         55        0.44        7.11
                113-John Milton |         55        0.44        7.56
                114-John Ruskin |         55        0.44        8.00
           115-John Stuart Mill |         55        0.44        8.44
               116-John Woolman |         55        0.44        8.89
             117-Jonathan Swift |         55        0.44        9.33
              118-Joseph Lister |         55        0.44        9.78
                      119-Kafka |         55        0.44       10.22
                12-Aristophanes |         55        0.44       10.67
                 120-Karl Knies |         55        0.44       11.11
                  121-Karl Marx |         55        0.44       11.56
                     122-Kelvin |         55        0.44       12.00
                     123-Kempis |         55        0.44       12.44
                  124-Kropotkin |         55        0.44       12.89
               125-Kuno Fischer |         55        0.44       13.33
                      126-Külpe |         55        0.44       13.78
                  127-Laspeyres |         55        0.44       14.22
                    128-Leibniz |         55        0.44       14.67
                 129-Lord Acton |         55        0.44       15.11
                   13-Aristotle |         55        0.44       15.56
                 130-Lord Byron |         55        0.44       16.00
             131-Ludwig Büchner |         55        0.44       16.44
           132-Ludwig Feuerbach |         55        0.44       16.89
              133-Lujo Brentano |         55        0.44       17.33
                134-Machiavelli |         55        0.44       17.78
                 135-Mainländer |         55        0.44       18.22
                     136-Malory |         55        0.44       18.67
                    137-Malthus |         55        0.44       19.11
            138-Marcus Aurelius |         55        0.44       19.56
                    139-Marlowe |         55        0.44       20.00
                 14-Arnold Ruge |         55        0.44       20.44
              140-Martin Luther |         55        0.44       20.89
                141-Max Stirner |         55        0.44       21.33
                    142-Mazzini |         55        0.44       21.78
                    143-Molière |         55        0.44       22.22
                  144-Montaigne |         55        0.44       22.67
                145-Montesquieu |         55        0.44       23.11
                 146-Moses Hess |         55        0.44       23.56
          147-Moses Mendelssohn |         55        0.44       24.00
              148-Nassau Senior |         55        0.44       24.44
                     149-Natorp |         55        0.44       24.89
             15-Auberon Herbert |         55        0.44       25.33
                     150-Newton |         55        0.44       25.78
                  151-Nietzsche |         55        0.44       26.22
           152-Oliver Goldsmith |         55        0.44       26.67
      153-Oliver Wendell Holmes |         55        0.44       27.11
                154-Oscar Wilde |         55        0.44       27.56
              155-Otto Liebmann |         55        0.44       28.00
            156-Otto Pfleiderer |         55        0.44       28.44
                    157-Pasteur |         55        0.44       28.89
 158-Pedro Calderón de la Barca |         55        0.44       29.33
       159-Percy Bysshe Shelley |         55        0.44       29.78
               16-Auguste Comte |         55        0.44       30.22
                   160-Pericles |         55        0.44       30.67
             161-Philip Nichols |         55        0.44       31.11
           162-Pierre Corneille |         55        0.44       31.56
                      163-Plato |         55        0.44       32.00
          164-Pliny the Younger |         55        0.44       32.44
                   165-Plutarch |         55        0.44       32.89
                   166-Proudhon |         55        0.44       33.33
        167-Ralph Waldo Emerson |         55        0.44       33.78
                      168-Ranke |         55        0.44       34.22
                      169-Renan |         55        0.44       34.67
                   17-Augustine |         55        0.44       35.11
             170-Richard Cobden |         55        0.44       35.56
                      171-Rilke |         55        0.44       36.00
            172-Robert Browning |         55        0.44       36.44
               173-Robert Burns |         55        0.44       36.89
                174-Robert Owen |         55        0.44       37.33
                  175-Rodbertus |         55        0.44       37.78
                   176-Rousseau |         55        0.44       38.22
                177-Rudolf Haym |         55        0.44       38.67
                178-SainteBeuve |         55        0.44       39.11
             179-Samuel Johnson |         55        0.44       39.56
                     18-Bakunin |         55        0.44       40.00
                    180-Scheler |         55        0.44       40.44
             181-Schleiermacher |         55        0.44       40.89
                  182-Schmoller |         55        0.44       41.33
               183-Schopenhauer |         55        0.44       41.78
                   184-Schäffle |         55        0.44       42.22
             185-Sigismund Beck |         55        0.44       42.67
                     186-Simmel |         55        0.44       43.11
              187-Simon Newcomb |         55        0.44       43.56
                   188-Sismondi |         55        0.44       44.00
                    189-Sombart |         55        0.44       44.44
      19-Barthold Georg Niebuhr |         55        0.44       44.89
                  190-Sophocles |         55        0.44       45.33
                    191-Spinoza |         55        0.44       45.78
                    192-Tacitus |         55        0.44       46.22
            193-Theodor Fontane |         55        0.44       46.67
              194-Theodor Lipps |         55        0.44       47.11
                195-Thomas Abbt |         55        0.44       47.56
              196-Thomas Browne |         55        0.44       48.00
             197-Thomas Carlyle |         55        0.44       48.44
           198-Thomas Jefferson |         55        0.44       48.89
                199-Thomas Mann |         55        0.44       49.33
                   2-Adam Smith |         55        0.44       49.78
                     20-Bastiat |         55        0.44       50.22
                200-Thomas More |         55        0.44       50.67
                    201-Thoreau |         55        0.44       51.11
                 202-Thucydides |         55        0.44       51.56
                     203-Thünen |         55        0.44       52.00
                204-Tocqueville |         55        0.44       52.44
                205-Victor Hugo |         55        0.44       52.89
                     206-Virgil |         55        0.44       53.33
                   207-Voltaire |         55        0.44       53.78
               208-Walt Whitman |         55        0.44       54.22
             209-Walter Raleigh |         55        0.44       54.67
           21-Benjamin Constant |         55        0.44       55.11
                  210-Wentscher |         55        0.44       55.56
           211-Wilhelm Drobisch |         55        0.44       56.00
            212-Wilhelm Roscher |         55        0.44       56.44
       213-Wilhelm von Humboldt |         55        0.44       56.89
             214-William Caxton |         55        0.44       57.33
             215-William Godwin |         55        0.44       57.78
      216-William Graham Sumner |         55        0.44       58.22
           217-William Harrison |         55        0.44       58.67
             218-William Harvey |         55        0.44       59.11
               219-William Penn |         55        0.44       59.56
           22-Benjamin Franklin |         55        0.44       60.00
              220-William Roper |         55        0.44       60.44
         221-William Wordsworth |         55        0.44       60.89
                 222-Windelband |         55        0.44       61.33
             223-Wollstonecraft |         55        0.44       61.78
                      224-Wundt |         55        0.44       62.22
                  225-de Gouges |         55        0.44       62.67
                     23-Bentham |         55        0.44       63.11
             24-Bernard Bolzano |         55        0.44       63.56
                      25-Bigges |         55        0.44       64.00
                     26-Blanqui |         55        0.44       64.44
                 27-Bruno Bauer |         55        0.44       64.89
            28-Bruno Hildebrand |         55        0.44       65.33
                 29-Carl Stumpf |         55        0.44       65.78
                    3-Aeschylus |         55        0.44       66.22
                     30-Cellini |         55        0.44       66.67
                   31-Cervantes |         55        0.44       67.11
              32-Charles Darwin |         55        0.44       67.56
             33-Charles Fourier |         55        0.44       68.00
                     34-Chaucer |         55        0.44       68.44
         35-Christian Schreiber |         55        0.44       68.89
  36-Christian Wilhelm von Dohm |         55        0.44       69.33
                      37-Cicero |         55        0.44       69.78
                  38-Clausewitz |         55        0.44       70.22
                  39-Copernicus |         55        0.44       70.67
                        4-Aesop |         55        0.44       71.11
             40-Dante Alighieri |         55        0.44       71.56
               41-David Ricardo |         55        0.44       72.00
                   42-Descartes |         55        0.44       72.44
          43-Dietrich Tiedemann |         55        0.44       72.89
                     44-Dilthey |         55        0.44       73.33
                 45-Dostoyevsky |         55        0.44       73.78
                      46-Dryden |         55        0.44       74.22
                    47-Durkheim |         55        0.44       74.67
              48-E T A Hoffmann |         55        0.44       75.11
                  49-Ebbinghaus |         55        0.44       75.56
           5-Alessandro Manzoni |         55        0.44       76.00
                50-Edmund Burke |         55        0.44       76.44
              51-Edmund Spenser |         55        0.44       76.89
               52-Eduard Beneke |         55        0.44       77.33
               53-Eduard Zeller |         55        0.44       77.78
         54-Eduard von Hartmann |         55        0.44       78.22
              55-Edward Bellamy |         55        0.44       78.67
                56-Edward Haies |         55        0.44       79.11
               57-Edward Jenner |         55        0.44       79.56
                   58-Epictetus |         55        0.44       80.00
               59-Eugen Dühring |         55        0.44       80.44
           6-Alexander Hamilton |         55        0.44       80.89
                   60-Euripides |         55        0.44       81.33
                     61-Faraday |         55        0.44       81.78
          62-Ferdinand Lassalle |         55        0.44       82.22
           63-Ferdinand Tönnies |         55        0.44       82.67
                      64-Fichte |         55        0.44       83.11
               65-Francis Bacon |         55        0.44       83.56
              66-Francis Pretty |         55        0.44       84.00
              67-Franz Brentano |         55        0.44       84.44
          68-Frederick Douglass |         55        0.44       84.89
                       69-Frege |         55        0.44       85.33
               7-Alexander Pope |         55        0.44       85.78
               70-Friedrich Ast |         55        0.44       86.22
  71-Friedrich Carl von Savigny |         55        0.44       86.67
   72-Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi |         55        0.44       87.11
            73-Friedrich Krause |         55        0.44       87.56
              74-Friedrich List |         55        0.44       88.00
          75-Friedrich Schiller |         55        0.44       88.44
          76-Friedrich Schlegel |         55        0.44       88.89
              77-Fritz Schultze |         55        0.44       89.33
                   78-Froissart |         55        0.44       89.78
                      79-Goethe |         55        0.44       90.22
                8-Amadeus Wendt |         55        0.44       90.67
    80-Gotthold Ephraim Lessing |         55        0.44       91.11
       81-Gottlob Ernst Schulze |         55        0.44       91.56
              82-Grimmelshausen |         55        0.44       92.00
              83-Gustav Freytag |         55        0.44       92.44
            84-Gustav Schönberg |         55        0.44       92.89
                      85-Hamann |         55        0.44       93.33
     86-Hans Christian Andersen |         55        0.44       93.78
              87-Heinrich Feder |         55        0.44       94.22
                   88-Helmholtz |         55        0.44       94.67
              89-Henry Fielding |         55        0.44       95.11
                9-Ambroise Paré |         55        0.44       95.56
                90-Henry George |         55        0.44       96.00
                     91-Herbart |         55        0.44       96.44
             92-Herbert Spencer |         55        0.44       96.89
                      93-Herder |         55        0.44       97.33
               94-Hermann Cohen |         55        0.44       97.78
               95-Hermann Lotze |         55        0.44       98.22
                   96-Herodotus |         55        0.44       98.67
                 97-Hippocrates |         55        0.44       99.11
             98-Hippolyte Taine |         55        0.44       99.56
                      99-Hobbes |         55        0.44      100.00
--------------------------------+-----------------------------------
                          Total |     12,375      100.00

Panel variable: Name_no (strongly balanced)
 Time variable: Year, 1878 to 1932
         Delta: 1 unit
(225 observations deleted)
(0 observations deleted)
(1,080 observations deleted)
r; t=0.13 10:44:56

. 
end of do-file

r; t=0.14 10:44:56
. do "C:\Users\seven\AppData\Local\Temp\STD1c40_000000.tmp"

. allsynth NewsCite_NetNorm ///
>                 YearofPublication wrote_English wrote_German wrote_French wrote_Greek wrote_Latin wrote_Italian wrote_Spanish `So
> cialist' Political ///
>                 NewsCite_NetNorm(1879(1)1880) NewsCite_NetNorm(1884(1)1886) NewsCite_NetNorm(1890(1)1892) NewsCite_NetNorm(1896(1
> )1898) NewsCite_NetNorm(1902(1)1904) NewsCite_NetNorm(1908(1)1910) NewsCite_NetNorm(1914(1)1916), $convergence ///
>                 trunit($trunit) trperiod(1917) resultsperiod(1879(1)1932) mspeperiod(1879(1)1916) ///
>                 bcorrect(nosave) pvalues 
pvalues is specified but -keep()- is not specified. As it can take considerable time to run pvalues, -keep()- is likely desirable a
> nd must be specified
r(198); t=0.27 10:45:00

end of do-file

r(198); t=0.27 10:45:00

. use synth_smoking
no; dataset in memory has changed since last saved
r(4); t=0.00 10:45:21

. do "C:\Users\seven\AppData\Local\Temp\STD1c40_000000.tmp"

. 
. allsynth NewsCite_NetNorm ///
>                 YearofPublication wrote_English wrote_German wrote_French wrote_Greek wrote_Latin wrote_Italian wrote_Spanish `So
> cialist' Political ///
>                 NewsCite_NetNorm(1879(1)1880) NewsCite_NetNorm(1884(1)1886) NewsCite_NetNorm(1890(1)1892) NewsCite_NetNorm(1896(1
> )1898) NewsCite_NetNorm(1902(1)1904) NewsCite_NetNorm(1908(1)1910) NewsCite_NetNorm(1914(1)1916), $convergence ///
>                 trunit($trunit) trperiod(1917) resultsperiod(1879(1)1932) mspeperiod(1879(1)1916) ///
>                 bcorrect(nosave) pvalues keep(delete)

Identifying donor pool...



Bias-correcting the plain vanilla -synth- estimate for Name_no 121

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Synthetic Control Method for Comparative Case Studies
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

First Step: Data Setup
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Data Setup successful
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                Treated Unit: Karl Marx
               Control Units: Abraham Lincoln, Adam Smith, Aeschylus, Aesop, Alessandro Manzoni, Alexander Hamilton, Alexander
                              Pope, Amadeus Wendt, Ambroise Paré, Aquinas, Archibald Geikie, Aristophanes, Aristotle, Arnold Ruge,
                              Auberon Herbert, Auguste Comte, Augustine, Barthold Georg Niebuhr, Bastiat, Benjamin Constant,
                              Benjamin Franklin, Bentham, Bernard Bolzano, Bigges, Bruno Bauer, Carl Stumpf, Cellini, Cervantes,
                              Charles Darwin, Chaucer, Christian Schreiber, Christian Wilhelm von Dohm, Cicero, Clausewitz,
                              Copernicus, Dante Alighieri, David Ricardo, Descartes, Dietrich Tiedemann, Dilthey, Dostoyevsky,
                              Dryden, Durkheim, E T A Hoffmann, Ebbinghaus, Edmund Burke, Edmund Spenser, Eduard Beneke, Eduard
                              Zeller, Eduard von Hartmann, Edward Haies, Edward Jenner, Epictetus, Euripides, Faraday, Ferdinand
                              Tönnies, Fichte, Francis Bacon, Francis Pretty, Franz Brentano, Frederick Douglass, Frege, Friedrich
                              Ast, Friedrich Carl von Savigny, Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi, Friedrich Krause, Friedrich List,
                              Friedrich Schiller, Friedrich Schlegel, Fritz Schultze, Froissart, Goethe, Gotthold Ephraim Lessing,
                              Gottlob Ernst Schulze, Grimmelshausen, Gustav Freytag, Gustav Schönberg, Hamann, Hans Christian
                              Andersen, Heinrich Feder, Helmholtz, Henry Fielding, Herbart, Herbert Spencer, Herder, Hermann Cohen,
                              Hermann Lotze, Herodotus, Hippocrates, Hippolyte Taine, Hobbes, Homer, Hume, Hölderlin, Immanuel
                              Kant, Izaak Walton, James Fitzjames Stephen, James Madison, Jean Racine, John Bunyan, John C Calhoun,
                              John Calvin, John Knox, John Locke, John Milton, John Stuart Mill, John Woolman, Jonathan Swift,
                              Joseph Lister, Kafka, Karl Knies, Kelvin, Kempis, Kuno Fischer, Külpe, Leibniz, Lord Acton, Lord
                              Byron, Ludwig Büchner, Ludwig Feuerbach, Machiavelli, Mainländer, Malory, Malthus, Marcus Aurelius,
                              Marlowe, Martin Luther, Max Stirner, Mazzini, Molière, Montaigne, Montesquieu, Moses Mendelssohn,
                              Nassau Senior, Natorp, Newton, Nietzsche, Oliver Goldsmith, Oliver Wendell Holmes, Otto Liebmann,
                              Otto Pfleiderer, Pasteur, Pedro Calderón de la Barca, Percy Bysshe Shelley, Pericles, Philip Nichols,
                              Pierre Corneille, Plato, Pliny the Younger, Plutarch, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Ranke, Renan, Richard
                              Cobden, Rilke, Robert Browning, Robert Burns, Rousseau, Rudolf Haym, SainteBeuve, Samuel Johnson,
                              Scheler, Schleiermacher, Schmoller, Schopenhauer, Schäffle, Sigismund Beck, Simmel, Simon Newcomb,
                              Sophocles, Spinoza, Tacitus, Theodor Fontane, Theodor Lipps, Thomas Abbt, Thomas Browne, Thomas
                              Jefferson, Thomas Mann, Thomas More, Thoreau, Thucydides, Thünen, Tocqueville, Victor Hugo, Virgil,
                              Voltaire, Walt Whitman, Walter Raleigh, Wentscher, Wilhelm Drobisch, Wilhelm Roscher, Wilhelm von
                              Humboldt, William Caxton, William Godwin, William Graham Sumner, William Harrison, William Harvey,
                              William Penn, William Roper, William Wordsworth, Windelband, Wollstonecraft, Wundt, de Gouges
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
          Dependent Variable: NewsCite_NetNorm
  MSPE minimized for periods: 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898
                              1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916
Results obtained for periods: 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898
                              1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918
                              1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  Predictors: YearofPublication wrote_English wrote_German wrote_French wrote_Greek wrote_Latin wrote_Italian
                              wrote_Spanish Political NewsCite_NetNorm(1879(1)1880) NewsCite_NetNorm(1884(1)1886)
                              NewsCite_NetNorm(1890(1)1892) NewsCite_NetNorm(1896(1)1898) NewsCite_NetNorm(1902(1)1904)
                              NewsCite_NetNorm(1908(1)1910) NewsCite_NetNorm(1914(1)1916)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Unless period is specified
predictors are averaged over: 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898
                              1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Second Step: Run Optimization
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nested optimization requested
Starting nested optimization module
Optimization done
Allopt requested. This may take a while
Restarting nested optimization module (search method)
done
Restarting nested optimization module (equal method)
done
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Optimization done
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Third Step: Obtain Results
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Loss: Root Mean Squared Prediction Error

---------------------
   RMSPE |  .0071054 
---------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Unit Weights:

----------------------------------------
                     Co_No | Unit_Weight
---------------------------+------------
           Abraham Lincoln |           0
                Adam Smith |           0
                 Aeschylus |           0
                     Aesop |           0
        Alessandro Manzoni |           0
        Alexander Hamilton |           0
            Alexander Pope |           0
             Amadeus Wendt |           0
             Ambroise Paré |           0
                   Aquinas |           0
          Archibald Geikie |           0
              Aristophanes |           0
                 Aristotle |           0
               Arnold Ruge |           0
           Auberon Herbert |           0
             Auguste Comte |           0
                 Augustine |           0
    Barthold Georg Niebuhr |           0
                   Bastiat |           0
         Benjamin Constant |           0
         Benjamin Franklin |           0
                   Bentham |           0
           Bernard Bolzano |           0
                    Bigges |           0
               Bruno Bauer |           0
               Carl Stumpf |           0
                   Cellini |           0
                 Cervantes |           0
            Charles Darwin |           0
                   Chaucer |           0
       Christian Schreiber |           0
Christian Wilhelm von Dohm |           0
                    Cicero |           0
                Clausewitz |           0
                Copernicus |           0
           Dante Alighieri |           0
             David Ricardo |           0
                 Descartes |           0
        Dietrich Tiedemann |           0
                   Dilthey |           0
               Dostoyevsky |           0
                    Dryden |           0
                  Durkheim |           0
            E T A Hoffmann |           0
                Ebbinghaus |           0
              Edmund Burke |           0
            Edmund Spenser |           0
             Eduard Beneke |           0
             Eduard Zeller |        .048
       Eduard von Hartmann |           0
              Edward Haies |           0
             Edward Jenner |           0
                 Epictetus |           0
                 Euripides |           0
                   Faraday |           0
         Ferdinand Tönnies |           0
                    Fichte |           0
             Francis Bacon |           0
            Francis Pretty |           0
            Franz Brentano |           0
        Frederick Douglass |           0
                     Frege |           0
             Friedrich Ast |           0
Friedrich Carl von Savigny |           0
 Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi |           0
          Friedrich Krause |           0
            Friedrich List |           0
        Friedrich Schiller |           0
        Friedrich Schlegel |           0
            Fritz Schultze |           0
                 Froissart |           0
                    Goethe |           0
  Gotthold Ephraim Lessing |           0
     Gottlob Ernst Schulze |           0
            Grimmelshausen |           0
            Gustav Freytag |           0
          Gustav Schönberg |           0
                    Hamann |           0
   Hans Christian Andersen |           0
            Heinrich Feder |           0
                 Helmholtz |        .226
            Henry Fielding |           0
                   Herbart |           0
           Herbert Spencer |           0
                    Herder |           0
             Hermann Cohen |           0
             Hermann Lotze |           0
                 Herodotus |           0
               Hippocrates |           0
           Hippolyte Taine |           0
                    Hobbes |           0
                     Homer |           0
                      Hume |           0
                 Hölderlin |           0
             Immanuel Kant |           0
              Izaak Walton |           0
   James Fitzjames Stephen |           0
             James Madison |           0
               Jean Racine |           0
               John Bunyan |           0
            John C Calhoun |           0
               John Calvin |           0
                 John Knox |           0
                John Locke |           0
               John Milton |           0
          John Stuart Mill |           0
              John Woolman |           0
            Jonathan Swift |           0
             Joseph Lister |           0
                     Kafka |           0
                Karl Knies |           0
                    Kelvin |           0
                    Kempis |           0
              Kuno Fischer |           0
                     Külpe |           0
                   Leibniz |           0
                Lord Acton |           0
                Lord Byron |           0
            Ludwig Büchner |           0
          Ludwig Feuerbach |           0
               Machiavelli |           0
                Mainländer |           0
                    Malory |           0
                   Malthus |           0
           Marcus Aurelius |           0
                   Marlowe |           0
             Martin Luther |        .036
               Max Stirner |           0
                   Mazzini |           0
                   Molière |           0
                 Montaigne |           0
               Montesquieu |           0
         Moses Mendelssohn |           0
             Nassau Senior |           0
                    Natorp |           0
                    Newton |           0
                 Nietzsche |        .079
          Oliver Goldsmith |           0
     Oliver Wendell Holmes |           0
             Otto Liebmann |           0
           Otto Pfleiderer |           0
                   Pasteur |        .052
 Pedro Calderón de la Barc |           0
      Percy Bysshe Shelley |           0
                  Pericles |           0
            Philip Nichols |           0
          Pierre Corneille |           0
                     Plato |           0
         Pliny the Younger |           0
                  Plutarch |           0
       Ralph Waldo Emerson |           0
                     Ranke |           0
                     Renan |           0
            Richard Cobden |           0
                     Rilke |        .017
           Robert Browning |           0
              Robert Burns |           0
                  Rousseau |           0
               Rudolf Haym |           0
               SainteBeuve |           0
            Samuel Johnson |           0
                   Scheler |           0
            Schleiermacher |           0
                 Schmoller |           0
              Schopenhauer |           0
                  Schäffle |           0
            Sigismund Beck |           0
                    Simmel |           0
             Simon Newcomb |           0
                 Sophocles |           0
                   Spinoza |           0
                   Tacitus |           0
           Theodor Fontane |        .385
             Theodor Lipps |           0
               Thomas Abbt |           0
             Thomas Browne |           0
          Thomas Jefferson |           0
               Thomas Mann |        .157
               Thomas More |           0
                   Thoreau |           0
                Thucydides |           0
                    Thünen |           0
               Tocqueville |           0
               Victor Hugo |           0
                    Virgil |           0
                  Voltaire |           0
              Walt Whitman |           0
            Walter Raleigh |           0
                 Wentscher |           0
          Wilhelm Drobisch |           0
           Wilhelm Roscher |           0
      Wilhelm von Humboldt |           0
            William Caxton |           0
            William Godwin |           0
     William Graham Sumner |           0
          William Harrison |           0
            William Harvey |           0
              William Penn |           0
             William Roper |           0
        William Wordsworth |           0
                Windelband |           0
            Wollstonecraft |           0
                     Wundt |           0
                 de Gouges |           0
----------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Predictor Balance:

------------------------------------------------------
                               |   Treated  Synthetic 
-------------------------------+----------------------
             YearofPublication |  .9801451   .9799359 
                 wrote_English |         0          0 
                  wrote_German |         1       .948 
                  wrote_French |         0       .052 
                   wrote_Greek |         0          0 
                   wrote_Latin |         0          0 
                 wrote_Italian |         0          0 
                 wrote_Spanish |         0          0 
                     Political |         1          0 
 NewsCite_NetNorm(1879(1)1880) |  .0048029   .0071348 
 NewsCite_NetNorm(1884(1)1886) |  .0159688   .0153137 
 NewsCite_NetNorm(1890(1)1892) |  .0293757   .0186502 
 NewsCite_NetNorm(1896(1)1898) |  .0162691   .0162378 
 NewsCite_NetNorm(1902(1)1904) |  .0159717   .0160503 
 NewsCite_NetNorm(1908(1)1910) |  .0212783   .0212323 
 NewsCite_NetNorm(1914(1)1916) |  .0115736   .0114618 
------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Estimating synthetic controls using in-space placebo treatments for treated unit Name_no == 121. This could take awhile...

1 of 204 (donor pool unit Name_no == 1 for treated unit Name_no == 121)
2 of 204 (donor pool unit Name_no == 2 for treated unit Name_no == 121)
3 of 204 (donor pool unit Name_no == 3 for treated unit Name_no == 121)
4 of 204 (donor pool unit Name_no == 4 for treated unit Name_no == 121)
5 of 204 (donor pool unit Name_no == 5 for treated unit Name_no == 121)
Nested optimization failed for placebo run Name_no == 6. Calculating W-matrix using default V-matrix
--Break--
r(1); t=11833.00 14:03:19

end of do-file

--Break--
r(1); t=11833.01 14:03:19

. exit, clear
